Responsabilidade civil dos pais pelos danos cometidos pelo filho menor: a transformação da responsabilidade subjetiva em objetiva
Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2020-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Santos, Thaynara Figueiredo dos
Orientador
Bdine Junior, Hamid Charaf
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
Programa
Resumo
O presente trabalho de conclusão de curso apresenta a transformação da
responsabilidade dos pais pelos danos cometidos pelos filhos menores. A situação foi prevista
no Código Civil de 1916 como responsabilidade subjetiva, mas passou a ser considerada como
responsabilidade objetiva no Código Civil de 2002. Para melhor compreensão, faz-se
necessária a análise do histórico mundial em que surgiu a Responsabilidade Civil e sua
finalidade, assim como o advento da modalidade objetiva. Em seguida, demonstrar-se-á a
abordagem do tema realizada pelo primeiro código civil pátrio e em especial, o dever
reparatório dos pais pelos danos cometidos pelo menor. Na época, a responsabilidade era
condicionada a comprovação da culpa do genitor e o menor respondia solidariamente pelos
danos. Além disso, o artigo evidencia a evolução da sociedade e a busca pela efetiva proteção
da tutela da vítima, que inclui a ampliação do instituto Poder Familiar e a equiparação da mulher
ao homem. Todos esses estudos resultam na análise da responsabilidade objetiva dos pais
prevista no Código Civil de 2002, que substituiu o termo “poder” por “autoridade parental”,
modificou a interpretação da expressão “companhia” no dispositivo e responsabilizou o menor
forma subsidiária.
This final project presents the transformation of parents’ liability for injuries to third parties caused by minors. This situation was considered Subjective Responsibility in the Civil Code of 1916, however, this topic was revisited in Civil Code of 2002, been considered so far as Objective Responsibility. In order to provide background, it is important to review the historical context of Civil Liability and Objective Responsibility’s discussion. Subsequently, it (this work) will demonstrate the approach taken by the first national civil code, specially the problems derived from the need to prove parent's guilt due to minor’s action. At that time, it was necessary to prove a link between the minor’s action and the parent’s connection to it, while the minor would respond jointly to the damages. Besides that, the work highlights society’s evolution and the seek for effective victim’s protection, including the strengthening of the Family Power Institute and women’s equality. All of these studies result in the parents’ Objective Responsibility provided by the Civil Code of 2002, which replaced the term "power" to “parental authority”, modified the interpretation of the expression "companionship" in the Code and made the minor subsidiarily accountable.
This final project presents the transformation of parents’ liability for injuries to third parties caused by minors. This situation was considered Subjective Responsibility in the Civil Code of 1916, however, this topic was revisited in Civil Code of 2002, been considered so far as Objective Responsibility. In order to provide background, it is important to review the historical context of Civil Liability and Objective Responsibility’s discussion. Subsequently, it (this work) will demonstrate the approach taken by the first national civil code, specially the problems derived from the need to prove parent's guilt due to minor’s action. At that time, it was necessary to prove a link between the minor’s action and the parent’s connection to it, while the minor would respond jointly to the damages. Besides that, the work highlights society’s evolution and the seek for effective victim’s protection, including the strengthening of the Family Power Institute and women’s equality. All of these studies result in the parents’ Objective Responsibility provided by the Civil Code of 2002, which replaced the term "power" to “parental authority”, modified the interpretation of the expression "companionship" in the Code and made the minor subsidiarily accountable.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
responsabilidade objetiva , pais , danos causado pelo menor , objective responsibility , parents , damage caused by minor child