Responsabilidade civil do Estado nos casos de morte em decorrência da pandemia de Covid-19
Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2022-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Derraik, André Jorge
Orientador
Pires, Antônio Cecílio Moreira
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
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Resumo
Ao longo do tempo, a responsabilidade civil do Estado sofreu uma série de transformações, passando da irresponsabilidade total do Estado para a responsabilização de forma objetiva, que é adotada modernamente, conforme previsto na Constituição de 1988. O número de mortos deixados pela pandemia da covid-19, tanto no Brasil como no mundo, mostrou que as sociedades não estão preparadas para lidar com catástrofes desta magnitude, o que leva à pergunta: essas mortes ocorreram tão somente por conta de uma situação fortuita, nunca antes vivida, ou era possível esperar uma melhor atuação estatal a fim de minimizar os impactos dessa doença? Isso posto, o intuito deste trabalho é jogar luz sobre o assunto a fim de entender se a pandemia da covid-19 foi algo inesperado, que não merece a responsabilização estatal, ou se é algo em que o Estado tem o dever de agir e, por isso, ainda que diante de algo novo, deve ser responsabilizado. O desenvolvimento do trabalho se deu pelo método dedutivo, partindo do contexto histórico da responsabilidade civil do Estado até o evento pandêmico e foi embasado em materiais bibliográficos, noticiários sobre momentos da pandemia e decisões judiciais sobre o assunto e questões correlatas. Como resultado, foi possível constatar que a responsabilização ou não do Estado vai depender da comprovação da existência de um nexo de causalidade entre o evento morte e a ação ou omissão do agente público, haja vista não ser o Estado um segurador universal responsável por danos suportados pela sociedade.
Over time, the civil liability of the State has undergone a series of transformations, going from the total irresponsibility of the State to the liability considered in an objective way, which is adopted contemporarily as provided in the Constitution of 1988. The number of deaths resulting from the pandemic of covid-19, both in Brazil and worldwide, showed that societies are not prepared to deal with catastrophes of this magnitude, which raises the question: do these deaths occur only due to unforeseen circumstances, which were never experienced before, or was it possible to expect a better performance from the State to minimize the impacts of this disease? That said, the purpose of this paper is to shed light on the subject to understand if the covid-19 pandemic was something fortuitous for which the State is not responsible, or if it is something that the State had a duty to act on and therefore, although facing something new, should be held responsible for. The research has been conducted using the deductive method, starting from the historical context of civil liability of the State until the event of the pandemic, and relied on bibliographic materials, news reports about moments of the pandemic, and court decisions on the subject and related issues. As a result, it was possible to verify that the liability or not of the State will depend on the proof of the existence of a causal link between the death event and the action or omission of the public agent, given that the State is not a universal insurer responsible for damages endured by society.
Over time, the civil liability of the State has undergone a series of transformations, going from the total irresponsibility of the State to the liability considered in an objective way, which is adopted contemporarily as provided in the Constitution of 1988. The number of deaths resulting from the pandemic of covid-19, both in Brazil and worldwide, showed that societies are not prepared to deal with catastrophes of this magnitude, which raises the question: do these deaths occur only due to unforeseen circumstances, which were never experienced before, or was it possible to expect a better performance from the State to minimize the impacts of this disease? That said, the purpose of this paper is to shed light on the subject to understand if the covid-19 pandemic was something fortuitous for which the State is not responsible, or if it is something that the State had a duty to act on and therefore, although facing something new, should be held responsible for. The research has been conducted using the deductive method, starting from the historical context of civil liability of the State until the event of the pandemic, and relied on bibliographic materials, news reports about moments of the pandemic, and court decisions on the subject and related issues. As a result, it was possible to verify that the liability or not of the State will depend on the proof of the existence of a causal link between the death event and the action or omission of the public agent, given that the State is not a universal insurer responsible for damages endured by society.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
responsabilidade civil do estado , responsabilidade por omissão , mortes por covid-19 , pandemia , civil liability of the state , liability by omission , deaths by Covid-19 , pandemic