O caso fortuito e a força maior nas relações contratuais durante a pandemia do COVID-19
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2023-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Russo, Gustavo Martins
Orientador
Mac Cracken, Roberto Nussinkis
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
Programa
Resumo
O presente artigo dedica-se à análise jurisprudencial do Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo sobre
o reconhecimento da pandemia do COVID-19 como caso fortuito e força maior em contratos,
acarretando a extinção ou revisão das obrigações do devedor. Primeiramente, a partir de uma
pesquisa doutrinária baseada em obras de grandes civilistas e contratualistas brasileiros, o artigo
introduz conceitos essenciais para a posterior análise das decisões proferidas pelo Tribunal
analisado, bem como apontando eventuais divergências doutrinárias quanto aos significados
dos termos e suas aplicações práticas. Após a finalização da pesquisa doutrinária, o artigo parte
para a análise da jurisprudência relacionada ao tema, na qual foi analisada a aplicação do caso
fortuito e força maior em diversos contratos, como no de fornecimento elétrico, na locação de
imóvel não residencial e na compra e venda de imóveis. Concluindo, foi possível verificar como
o Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo se comportou diante da incumbência de equilibrar
economicamente relações contratuais afetadas pela crise sanitária do COVID-19 e como os
princípios e teorias contratuais foram aplicadas na prática. Os devedores que tiveram sua
atividade econômica interrompida, em regra, tiveram suas obrigações perdoadas judicialmente,
adotando a teoria rebus sic stantibus, enquanto ramos como a construção civil não foram
impactados pela pandemia ao ponto de serem liberados de suas obrigações por motivos de força
maior, pelo fato de que suas operações não foram suspensas.
This article is dedicated to the jurisprudential analysis of the São Paulo Court of Justice on the recognition of the COVID-19 pandemic as act of god and force majeure in contracts, resulting in the extinction or revision of the debtor's obligations. Firstly, based on doctrinal research, the article introduces essential concepts for the subsequent analysis of the decisions handed down by the Court under review, conceptualizing them based on the works of great Brazilian civilists and contractualists, as well as pointing out any doctrinal differences regarding the meanings of the terms and their practical applications. After completing the doctrinal research, the article moves on to an analysis of the case law related to the subject, where the application of acts of god and force majeure in various contracts was analyzed, such as electricity supply contracts, leases of non-residential property and the purchase and sale of real estate. After the analysis, it was possible to see how the São Paulo Court of Justice behaved when faced with the task of economically balancing contractual relationships affected by the COVID-19 health crisis and how contractual principles and theories were applied in practice. Debtors who had their economic activity interrupted, as a rule, had their obligations forgiven in court, adopting the rebus sic stantibus theory, while branches such as construction were not impacted by the pandemic to the extent that they have been released from their obligations due to force majeure, as their operations have not been suspended.
This article is dedicated to the jurisprudential analysis of the São Paulo Court of Justice on the recognition of the COVID-19 pandemic as act of god and force majeure in contracts, resulting in the extinction or revision of the debtor's obligations. Firstly, based on doctrinal research, the article introduces essential concepts for the subsequent analysis of the decisions handed down by the Court under review, conceptualizing them based on the works of great Brazilian civilists and contractualists, as well as pointing out any doctrinal differences regarding the meanings of the terms and their practical applications. After completing the doctrinal research, the article moves on to an analysis of the case law related to the subject, where the application of acts of god and force majeure in various contracts was analyzed, such as electricity supply contracts, leases of non-residential property and the purchase and sale of real estate. After the analysis, it was possible to see how the São Paulo Court of Justice behaved when faced with the task of economically balancing contractual relationships affected by the COVID-19 health crisis and how contractual principles and theories were applied in practice. Debtors who had their economic activity interrupted, as a rule, had their obligations forgiven in court, adopting the rebus sic stantibus theory, while branches such as construction were not impacted by the pandemic to the extent that they have been released from their obligations due to force majeure, as their operations have not been suspended.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
pandemia do COVID-19 , caso fortuito e força maior , contratos , Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo , COVID-19 pandemic , acts of god and force majeure , contracts , São Paulo Court of Justice