O reconhecimento fotográfico à luz da jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça: análise dos desafios éticos e legais
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2023-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Esteves, Júlia Silva
Orientador
Fabretti, Humberto Barrionuevo
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
Programa
Resumo
O presente trabalho analisa, à luz do atual entendimento fixado pelo Superior Tribunal de
Justiça, os principais aspectos inerentes ao reconhecimento de pessoas, mais especificamente o
fotográfico, buscando compreender o impacto do entendimento fixado nos recentes julgados
proferidos pela Corte Superior tanto na realidade das persecuções penais como da
regulamentação formal, vide o Projeto de Lei nº 676/2021. Discute-se, ainda, os riscos da
ocorrência de erro judiciário em razão do reconhecimento realizado em desacordo com a lei
resultando, muitas vezes, em reconhecimentos falsos. Para isso, a pesquisa se vale de revisão
jurisprudencial, majoritariamente do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, bem como do estudo
bibliográfico, legislação vigente, regulamentação formal e artigos científicos. Quanto à revisão
bibliográfica, utiliza-se dos estudos das disciplinas de Direito Penal, Processual Penal, Direito
Constitucional e Sociologia. Ainda, para melhor compreensão do reconhecimento de pessoas,
é necessário analisar os aspectos subjetivos que motivam a maior atenção que vem sendo dada
pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça a esta medida investigativa, estabelecendo novas diretrizes
para sua realização. Em suma, esta análise revela além dos contornos legais do reconhecimento
fotográfico, os desdobramentos tangíveis nas esferas policial, ministerial e judiciária. Ao
explorar os perigos inerentes aos equívocos judiciais decorrentes de procedimentos falsos,
destaca-se a importância de questionar como essas novas diretrizes jurisprudenciais
efetivamente contribuem para salvaguardar direitos no processo penal, cabendo ao núcleo
investigativo da pesquisa responder a esta indagação.
This article analyzes, under the current understanding established by the Superior Court of Justice, the main aspects inherent to eyewitness identification more specifically the photographic one, seeking to understand the Superior Court recent judgments and how they impact in the reality of criminal prosecutions and formal regulation, see Bill No. 676/2021. It also discusses the risks of a miscarriage of justice due to eyewitness misidentification, when made in disagreement with the law, resulting in wrong court convictions. To this end, the research is based in a review of judgments, mostly from the Superior Court of Justice, as well as bibliographical studies, current legislation, formal regulations, and scientific articles. As for the bibliographical review, it analyses materials about the disciplines of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Constitutional Law, and Sociology. Furthermore, to better understand eyewitness identification, it is mandatory to also analyze the subjective aspects that motivate the greater attention that has been given by the Superior Court to this investigative procedure establishing new guidelines for its realization. Yet this analysis reveals not only the legal outlines of eyewitness identification through photographic use, but also the tangible consequences for the police, ministerial and judicial spheres. By exploring the dangers inherent in judicial misunderstandings resulting from false procedures, it is important to question how these new jurisprudential guidelines effectively contribute to safeguarding rights in criminal proceedings, and it is up to the investigative core of the research to answer this question.
This article analyzes, under the current understanding established by the Superior Court of Justice, the main aspects inherent to eyewitness identification more specifically the photographic one, seeking to understand the Superior Court recent judgments and how they impact in the reality of criminal prosecutions and formal regulation, see Bill No. 676/2021. It also discusses the risks of a miscarriage of justice due to eyewitness misidentification, when made in disagreement with the law, resulting in wrong court convictions. To this end, the research is based in a review of judgments, mostly from the Superior Court of Justice, as well as bibliographical studies, current legislation, formal regulations, and scientific articles. As for the bibliographical review, it analyses materials about the disciplines of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Constitutional Law, and Sociology. Furthermore, to better understand eyewitness identification, it is mandatory to also analyze the subjective aspects that motivate the greater attention that has been given by the Superior Court to this investigative procedure establishing new guidelines for its realization. Yet this analysis reveals not only the legal outlines of eyewitness identification through photographic use, but also the tangible consequences for the police, ministerial and judicial spheres. By exploring the dangers inherent in judicial misunderstandings resulting from false procedures, it is important to question how these new jurisprudential guidelines effectively contribute to safeguarding rights in criminal proceedings, and it is up to the investigative core of the research to answer this question.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
reconhecimento de pessoas , Superior Tribunal de Justiça , direito processual penal , reconhecimento fotográfico , recognition of persons , Superior Court of Justice , criminal procedure law , photographic recognition