Análise do uso de medicamentos para obesidade na população brasileira
Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2025-06-05
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Alves, Dayane Aparecida Lopes
Wojcikiewicz, Mariana Pasqualin
Wojcikiewicz, Mariana Pasqualin
Orientador
Zella, Maria Augusta Karas
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
Programa
Resumo
Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença crônica e multifatorial que atinge proporções epidêmicas no Brasil e no mundo, impactando negativamente a saúde física e mental dos indivíduos. O tratamento inclui mudanças de hábitos e, em alguns casos, o uso de medicamentos, cuja prescrição e acesso ainda apresentam desafios, além do uso indiscriminado que preocupa autoridades de saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil de pacientes com e sem obesidade que utilizam medicamentos para tratamento da obesidade, além da forma de indicação e acessibilidade a esses tratamentos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal realizado com 105 participantes, maiores de 18 anos, que responderam a um questionário anônimo on-line em março de 2025. Foram coletadas informações sociodemográficas, antropométricas e relativas ao uso de medicamentos para obesidade, além de dados sobre motivações, efeitos colaterais, satisfação com o tratamento e motivos para interrupção. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (68,6%), com idade média de 39,6 anos (± 11, 6 anos) e IMC médio inicial de 30,9 kg/m² (± 4,82). A Semaglutida foi o medicamento mais utilizado (45,7%). O principal fator para buscar tratamento foi recomendação médica (59,1%), e a maioria acessou o tratamento por meio de médicos particulares (68,6%), sem registro de acesso pelo SUS. Cerca de 69,6% dos participantes relataram efeitos colaterais, sendo enjoo/vômitos e fezes oleosas os mais prevalentes. A perda de peso foi maior nos usuários de Semaglutida. O custo elevado foi uma barreira importante para a continuidade do tratamento, e 95,2% dos participantes acreditam que esses medicamentos deveriam ser mais acessíveis. Conclusão: Na população avaliada, o uso de medicamentos para obesidade foi mais prevalente em mulheres, na faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos. A maior parte dos participantes iniciou o tratamento por recomendação médica e teve acesso por meio de consultas na rede privada. A semaglutida foi o fármaco mais utilizado, associando-se a segunda maior perda de peso, embora também a uma alta frequência de efeitos colaterais. O custo elevado foi o principal fator limitante para a continuidade do tratamento, e a ampla maioria dos participantes considerou essencial a ampliação do acesso a essas terapias, ressaltando a necessidade de políticas públicas que promovam equidade no cuidado da obesidade.
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic and multifactorial disease that has reached epidemic proportions in Brazil and worldwide, negatively affecting both physical and mental health. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and, in some cases, the use of medications, whose prescription and access still present challenges, in addition to the indiscriminate use that concerns health authorities. Objective: To evaluate the profile of patients with and without obesity who use medications for obesity treatment, as well as the method of prescription and accessibility to these treatments. Method: This is an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with 105 participants over 18 years old, who answered an anonymous online questionnaire in March 2025. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and medication-related data were collected, along with information about motivations, side effects, treatment satisfaction, and reasons for discontinuation. Results: Most participants were female (68.6%), with a mean age of 39.6 years (± 11, 6 years) and an initial mean BMI of 30.9 kg/m² (± 4,82). Semaglutide was the most used medication (45.7%). The main reason for seeking treatment was medical recommendation (59.1%), and most accessed treatment through private healthcare (68.6%), with no records of access via the public health system. Around 69.6% reported side effects, with nausea/vomiting and oily stools being the most prevalent. Weight loss was greatest among Semaglutide users. High cost was a major barrier to treatment continuity, and 95.2% of participants believed these medications should be more accessible. Conclusion: In the evaluated population, a higher prevalence of medication use was observed among female individuals, with the greatest concentration of users in the 40 to 49 age group. Most participants started treatment based on medical recommendation and accessed it through consultations within the supplementary healthcare system. Semaglutide was the most commonly used drug, associated with greater weight loss, but also with a high frequency of side effects. The high cost was the main limiting factor for continuing the treatment, and the vast majority of participants considered it essential to expand access to these therapies, emphasizing the need for public policies that promote equity in obesity care.
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic and multifactorial disease that has reached epidemic proportions in Brazil and worldwide, negatively affecting both physical and mental health. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and, in some cases, the use of medications, whose prescription and access still present challenges, in addition to the indiscriminate use that concerns health authorities. Objective: To evaluate the profile of patients with and without obesity who use medications for obesity treatment, as well as the method of prescription and accessibility to these treatments. Method: This is an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with 105 participants over 18 years old, who answered an anonymous online questionnaire in March 2025. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and medication-related data were collected, along with information about motivations, side effects, treatment satisfaction, and reasons for discontinuation. Results: Most participants were female (68.6%), with a mean age of 39.6 years (± 11, 6 years) and an initial mean BMI of 30.9 kg/m² (± 4,82). Semaglutide was the most used medication (45.7%). The main reason for seeking treatment was medical recommendation (59.1%), and most accessed treatment through private healthcare (68.6%), with no records of access via the public health system. Around 69.6% reported side effects, with nausea/vomiting and oily stools being the most prevalent. Weight loss was greatest among Semaglutide users. High cost was a major barrier to treatment continuity, and 95.2% of participants believed these medications should be more accessible. Conclusion: In the evaluated population, a higher prevalence of medication use was observed among female individuals, with the greatest concentration of users in the 40 to 49 age group. Most participants started treatment based on medical recommendation and accessed it through consultations within the supplementary healthcare system. Semaglutide was the most commonly used drug, associated with greater weight loss, but also with a high frequency of side effects. The high cost was the main limiting factor for continuing the treatment, and the vast majority of participants considered it essential to expand access to these therapies, emphasizing the need for public policies that promote equity in obesity care.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
obesidade , uso de medicamentos , redução de peso , terapêutica , obesity , pharmaceutical preparations , weight loss , therapeutics