Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes diagnostificados com câncer de bexiga
Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2024-11-14
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Camargo, Cecília Schimure
Ronkoski, Thiago Gabriel
Ronkoski, Thiago Gabriel
Orientador
Jaworski, Paulo Eduardo Dietrich
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
Programa
Resumo
INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de bexiga (CB) é o quarto tipo mais comum de neoplasia maligna nos Estados Unidos e o sétimo no Brasil, sendo prevalente entre homens, brancos e idosos. A principal causa é a exposição ao tabaco e a carcinógenos ambientais. Cerca de 90% dos casos são histologicamente classificados como carcinomas uroteliais. Embora a detecção precoce tenha contribuído para melhorar a sobrevida, o CB ainda impõe elevada carga econômica aos serviços de saúde e possui mortalidade expressiva, especialmente em regiões com acesso limitado a diagnóstico e tratamento adequados. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico e histopatológico dos pacientes com diagnóstico de Câncer de Bexiga no período de janeiro de 2015 a agosto de 2023 no Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie
(HUEM). METODOLOGIA: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, observacional e quantitativo, utilizando dados de prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com câncer de bexiga no HUEM, catalogando as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, sintomas, hábitos associados, tamanho, número de lesões, tipo histológico e invasão da muscular. A análise descritiva inicial incluiu medidas de tendência central e dispersão para variáveis numéricas, além de tabulação de frequências para dados categóricos. Testes estatísticos foram aplicados como Qui-Quadrado para associações e de Mann-Whitney para variáveis não paramétricas. Os resultados com p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. RESULTADOS: Entre 2015 e 2023, 186 pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de bexiga foram atendidos no HUEM, sendo que 74,7% eram homens com idade média de 66,8 anos. Em relação à sintomatologia, a hematúria foi a queixa mais comum (63,4%) entre os pacientes, sendo significativamente mais frequente em homens (p < 0,05). O tabagismo foi identificado como o principal fator de risco, sendo identificado em 70% dos casos. Sobre o tipo histológico, o carcinoma urotelial foi o mais prevalente, com 90,9% dos casos. O número de pacientes com invasão da camada muscular foi de 87. Após análise estatística, nota-se que pacientes com hematúria apresentaram uma chance 4,87 vezes maior de ter invasão da camada muscular, indicando relação entre o sintoma e o estadiamento da doença (p < 0,05). Outro achado relevante foi a associação entre tumores maiores que 3 cm e estadiamentos mais avançados da doença (T2), sugerindo que lesões maiores estão ligadas a um pior prognóstico (p < 0,05). No entanto, não houve relação significativa entre invasão muscular e o número de tumores e/ou tipo histológico. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados da pesquisa estão em consonância com a literatura, demonstrando que o câncer de bexiga é mais prevalente no sexo masculino e tabagistas, sendo a hematúria a queixa clínica mais observada, havendo número expressivo de casos músculo invasivos no período avaliado. Esses achados sublinham a necessidade de estratégias para permitir diagnóstico precoce desta neoplasia, além de propor medidas de prevenção direcionadas aos grupos de risco, auxiliando no controle do câncer de bexiga na população brasileira.
INTRODUCTION: Bladder cancer (BC) is the fourth most common type of malignant neoplasm in the United States and the seventh in Brazil, being prevalent among men, Caucasians, and the elderly. The main cause is exposure to tobacco and environmental carcinogens. Approximately 90% of cases are histologically classified as urothelial carcinomas. Although early detection has contributed to improved survival, BC still imposes a significant economic burden on healthcare services and has substantial mortality, especially in regions with limited access to proper diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiological and histopathological profile of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer from January 2015 to August 2023 at the Evangelical Mackenzie University Hospital (HUEM). METHODOLOGY: Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, and quantitative study, using data from medical records of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer at HUEM, cataloging the following variables: sex, age, symptoms, associated habits, size, number of lesions, histological type, and muscle invasion. Initial descriptive analysis included measures of central tendency and dispersion for numerical variables, as well as frequency tabulation for categorical data. Statistical tests such as Chi-Square for associations and Mann-Whitney for non-parametric variables were applied. Results with p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Between 2015 and 2023, 186 patients with a diagnosis of bladder cancer were attended at HUEM, with 74.7% being men with an average age of 66.8 years. Regarding symptoms, hematuria was the most common complaint (63.4%) among patients, being significantly more frequent in men (p < 0.05). Smoking was identified as the main risk factor, present in 70% of cases. Regarding histological type, urothelial carcinoma was the most prevalent, with 90.9% of cases. The number of patients with muscle invasion was 87. After statistical analysis, it was observed that patients with hematuria had a 4.87 times higher chance of muscle invasion, indicating a relationship between the symptom and disease staging (p < 0.05). Another relevant finding was the association between tumors larger than 3 cm and more advanced disease stages (T2), suggesting that larger lesions are linked to a worse prognosis (p < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was found between muscle invasion and the number of tumors and/or histological type. CONCLUSION: The research data align with the literature, demonstrating that bladder cancer is more prevalent in males and smokers, with hematuria being the most observed clinical complaint and a significant number of muscle-invasive cases during the evaluated period. These findings underline the need for strategies to enable early diagnosis of this neoplasm, as well as to propose preventive measures targeted at risk groups, assisting in the control of bladder cancer in the Brazilian population.
INTRODUCTION: Bladder cancer (BC) is the fourth most common type of malignant neoplasm in the United States and the seventh in Brazil, being prevalent among men, Caucasians, and the elderly. The main cause is exposure to tobacco and environmental carcinogens. Approximately 90% of cases are histologically classified as urothelial carcinomas. Although early detection has contributed to improved survival, BC still imposes a significant economic burden on healthcare services and has substantial mortality, especially in regions with limited access to proper diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the epidemiological and histopathological profile of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer from January 2015 to August 2023 at the Evangelical Mackenzie University Hospital (HUEM). METHODOLOGY: Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, and quantitative study, using data from medical records of patients diagnosed with bladder cancer at HUEM, cataloging the following variables: sex, age, symptoms, associated habits, size, number of lesions, histological type, and muscle invasion. Initial descriptive analysis included measures of central tendency and dispersion for numerical variables, as well as frequency tabulation for categorical data. Statistical tests such as Chi-Square for associations and Mann-Whitney for non-parametric variables were applied. Results with p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Between 2015 and 2023, 186 patients with a diagnosis of bladder cancer were attended at HUEM, with 74.7% being men with an average age of 66.8 years. Regarding symptoms, hematuria was the most common complaint (63.4%) among patients, being significantly more frequent in men (p < 0.05). Smoking was identified as the main risk factor, present in 70% of cases. Regarding histological type, urothelial carcinoma was the most prevalent, with 90.9% of cases. The number of patients with muscle invasion was 87. After statistical analysis, it was observed that patients with hematuria had a 4.87 times higher chance of muscle invasion, indicating a relationship between the symptom and disease staging (p < 0.05). Another relevant finding was the association between tumors larger than 3 cm and more advanced disease stages (T2), suggesting that larger lesions are linked to a worse prognosis (p < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was found between muscle invasion and the number of tumors and/or histological type. CONCLUSION: The research data align with the literature, demonstrating that bladder cancer is more prevalent in males and smokers, with hematuria being the most observed clinical complaint and a significant number of muscle-invasive cases during the evaluated period. These findings underline the need for strategies to enable early diagnosis of this neoplasm, as well as to propose preventive measures targeted at risk groups, assisting in the control of bladder cancer in the Brazilian population.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
câncer de bexiga , hematúria , carcinoma urotelial , bladder cancer , hematuria , urothelial carcinoma