Análise clínica e epidemiológica de pacientes com sobrepeso e obesidade na infância e a prevalência do aleitamento materno
Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2024-11-21
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Baroncini, Julia Moura
Tedeschi, Júlia Serbena
Tedeschi, Júlia Serbena
Orientador
Biagini, Gleyne Lopes Kujew
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
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Resumo
Introdução: Obesidade infantil é uma doença crônica e multifatorial, estabelecida pelo Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), definida pelo excesso de gordura corporal e classificada na faixa etária de até 19 anos. A etiologia da obesidade infantil é complexa e multifatorial. Entre os muitos fatores de risco, o aleitamento materno de curta duração é frequentemente associado ao desenvolvimento da doença. O leite materno é essencial para o desenvolvimento saudável da criança, fornecendo nutrientes e substâncias bioativas que influenciam aspectos somáticos, neurológicos, intestinais e imunológicos nos primeiros anos de vida. Sua composição permite uma alta biodisponibilidade e fácil metabolização, além de modular hormônios como leptina, grelina e insulina, que regulam o apetite e a programação metabólica. Crianças amamentadas são capazes de ajustar sua ingestão energética em resposta a sinais internos, o que reduz a probabilidade de superalimentação, já que a força de sucção e os estímulos para a secreção de leite se adaptam às suas necessidades. Objetivos: Definir o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pacientes entre 5 a 19 anos com sobrepeso e obesidade infantil do ambulatório de Pediatria e Endocrinologia pediátrica da Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná e analisar o contexto e a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo até os 6 meses. Métodos: Estudo observacional e transversal realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário, desenvolvido pelas autoras na plataforma GoogleForms, em 57 crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade infantil de 5 a 19 anos nos ambulatórios de Pediatria e Endocrinologia pediátrica do Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie. Resultados: O IMC em 13 (22,8%) revelou sobrepeso, em 27 (47,4%) eram obesos e 17 (29,8%) obesos graves. Não houve diferença de renda em salários mínimos entre os IMCs porém 65% das famílias ganhavam menos de 3 salários. Em 34 (59.6%), houve a informação de passarem mais de 3 horas por dia em frente a telas (celular, tablets, computadores e televisão). Receberam leite materno em algum período da vida 50 (87,7%) pacientes e somente / (12.3%) receberam somente fórmula. O aleitamento exclusivo até os 6 meses esteve presente em 62% dos entrevistados. Conclusão: Não há evidências de que o aleitamento materno, exclusivo ou sua duração esteja de fato relacionado de forma consistente ao IMC nos grupos analisados.
Introduction: Childhood obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease defined by the Body Mass Index (BMI), characterized by excess body fat and classified within the age range up to 19 years. The etiology of childhood obesity is complex and multifactorial. Among the many risk factors, short breastfeeding duration is frequently associated with the development of the disease. Breast milk is essential for healthy child development, providing nutrients and bioactive substances that influence somatic, neurological, intestinal, and immunological aspects in the early years of life. Its composition allows for high bioavailability and easy metabolism, in addition to modulating hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, and insulin, which regulate appetite and metabolic programming. Breastfed children can adjust their energy intake in response to internal signals, reducing the likelihood of overfeeding, as the suction strength and stimuli for milk secretion adapt to their needs. Objectives: To define the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients aged 5 to 19 years with overweight and childhood obesity at the Pediatric and Pediatric Endocrinology outpatient clinic at Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná, and to analyze the context and prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study conducted through the application of a questionnaire, developed by the authors on the Google Forms platform, in 57 children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years with overweight and childhood obesity at the Pediatric and Pediatric Endocrinology outpatient clinics at the Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie. Results: BMI indicated that 13 (22.8%) were overweight, 27 (47.4%) were obese, and 17 (29.8%) were severely obese. There was no income difference in minimum wage between BMI groups; however, 65% of families earned less than three minimum wages. In 34 cases (59.6%), participants reported spending more than three hours daily on screens (cell phones, tablets, computers, and television). Breastfeeding at some point in life was reported by 50 (87.7%) patients, while only / (12.3%) received formula only. Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months was reported by 62% of respondents. Conclusion: There is no evidence that breastfeeding, whether exclusive or its duration, is consistently related to BMI in the analyzed groups.
Introduction: Childhood obesity is a chronic, multifactorial disease defined by the Body Mass Index (BMI), characterized by excess body fat and classified within the age range up to 19 years. The etiology of childhood obesity is complex and multifactorial. Among the many risk factors, short breastfeeding duration is frequently associated with the development of the disease. Breast milk is essential for healthy child development, providing nutrients and bioactive substances that influence somatic, neurological, intestinal, and immunological aspects in the early years of life. Its composition allows for high bioavailability and easy metabolism, in addition to modulating hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, and insulin, which regulate appetite and metabolic programming. Breastfed children can adjust their energy intake in response to internal signals, reducing the likelihood of overfeeding, as the suction strength and stimuli for milk secretion adapt to their needs. Objectives: To define the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients aged 5 to 19 years with overweight and childhood obesity at the Pediatric and Pediatric Endocrinology outpatient clinic at Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná, and to analyze the context and prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study conducted through the application of a questionnaire, developed by the authors on the Google Forms platform, in 57 children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years with overweight and childhood obesity at the Pediatric and Pediatric Endocrinology outpatient clinics at the Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie. Results: BMI indicated that 13 (22.8%) were overweight, 27 (47.4%) were obese, and 17 (29.8%) were severely obese. There was no income difference in minimum wage between BMI groups; however, 65% of families earned less than three minimum wages. In 34 cases (59.6%), participants reported spending more than three hours daily on screens (cell phones, tablets, computers, and television). Breastfeeding at some point in life was reported by 50 (87.7%) patients, while only / (12.3%) received formula only. Exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months was reported by 62% of respondents. Conclusion: There is no evidence that breastfeeding, whether exclusive or its duration, is consistently related to BMI in the analyzed groups.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
obesidade infantil , aleitamento materno , epidemiologia , childhood obesity , breastfeeding , epidemiology