O lugar da razão na apologética : uma análise comparativa entre abordagem clássica e a apologética pressuposicionalista de Cornelius Van Til e a apologética clássica
Tipo
Monografia
Data de publicação
2023
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Lisboa, Lucas Rathlef
Orientador
Fontes, Filipe Costa
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
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Resumo
O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar o lugar que a racionalidade humana ocupa na abordagem apologética clássica e na pressuposicionalista. A pergunta a ser respondida no decorrer da pesquisa é se a razão possui ou não a primazia na defesa da fé, e, consequentemente, se esta deveria ser o enfoque maior no trabalho do apologeta. A escola clássica defende que a abordagem apologética pode partir dos argumentos, fatos históricos e evidências, uma vez que possuem este ponto de contato com o incrédulo, a fim de apresentar o teísmo e, consequentemente, a veracidade do cristianismo. Por este motivo, a razão, racionalidade, lógica e coerência possuem uma função de extrema significância para esta tradição. A escola pressuposicionalista, por sua vez, entende que a revelação de Deus possui a primazia e ocupa o lugar mais elevado na tarefa apologética. O próprio exercício da racionalidade humana deve pressupor a existência de Deus e Sua revelação nas Escrituras, e assim, se preocupa em santificar ao Senhor, inclusive na maneira de se defender a fé. Devido à limitação da mente humana, seja pela limitação de seu status de criatura ou pelos efeitos noéticos do pecado, a razão não deve ser encarada como tendo a primazia na apologética. A partir de uma análise das obras dos principais autores de cada escola, buscou-se esboçar os principais elementos que constituem sua visão sobre a racionalidade humana e o lugar que possuem para a apologética tanto na tradição clássica quanto na pressuposicionalista. Concluiu-se afirmando que a abordagem apologética pressuposicionalista é quem demonstrou maior coerência teológica na percepção sobre a racionalidade humana e sua consequente aplicação para a defesa da fé.
This paper sets out to analyze the place that human rationality occupies in the classical apologetics and in the presuppositionalist approach. The question to be answered in the course of the research is whether or not reason has primacy in the defense of the faith, and, consequently, whether this should be the major focus in the work of the apologist. The classical school argues that the apologetic approach can start from arguments, historical facts and evidences, since they have this point of contact with the unbeliever, in order to present theism and, consequently, the veracity of Christianity. Because of it, reason, rationality, logic and coherence has an extremely important role for this tradition. The presuppositionalist school, conversely, understands that the revelation of God has primacy and occupies the highest place in the apologetic task. The very exercise of human rationality must presuppose the existence of God and his revelation in the Scriptures, therefore, they are concerned with sanctifying the Lord, including in the way they defend the faith. Due to the limitations of the human mind, whether being from its status as a creature or the noetic effects of sin, reason should not be seen as having primacy in apologetics. Through an analysis of the works of the main authors of each school, an attempt was made to outline the main elements that make up their vision of human rationality and the place they have for apologetics in both the classical and presuppositionalist traditions. The conclusion was that the pressupositionalist apologetic approach is the one that has demonstrated the greatest theological coherence in its perception of human rationality and its consequent application to the defense of the faith.
This paper sets out to analyze the place that human rationality occupies in the classical apologetics and in the presuppositionalist approach. The question to be answered in the course of the research is whether or not reason has primacy in the defense of the faith, and, consequently, whether this should be the major focus in the work of the apologist. The classical school argues that the apologetic approach can start from arguments, historical facts and evidences, since they have this point of contact with the unbeliever, in order to present theism and, consequently, the veracity of Christianity. Because of it, reason, rationality, logic and coherence has an extremely important role for this tradition. The presuppositionalist school, conversely, understands that the revelation of God has primacy and occupies the highest place in the apologetic task. The very exercise of human rationality must presuppose the existence of God and his revelation in the Scriptures, therefore, they are concerned with sanctifying the Lord, including in the way they defend the faith. Due to the limitations of the human mind, whether being from its status as a creature or the noetic effects of sin, reason should not be seen as having primacy in apologetics. Through an analysis of the works of the main authors of each school, an attempt was made to outline the main elements that make up their vision of human rationality and the place they have for apologetics in both the classical and presuppositionalist traditions. The conclusion was that the pressupositionalist apologetic approach is the one that has demonstrated the greatest theological coherence in its perception of human rationality and its consequent application to the defense of the faith.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
epistemologia , apologética , racionalidade , pressuposicionalismo , epistemology , apologetics , rationality , presuppositionalism