A política nacional de resíduos sólidos e o descarte de baterias dos veículos elétricos e híbridos
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2019-11
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Silva, Moises Rogério Rezende da
Orientador
Almeida, Washington Carlos de
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Resumo
É incontestável a ascensão do mercado de veículos elétricos e híbridos no cenário internacional; consequentemente, não será diferente a realidade do mercado automobilístico nacional, que já tem sinalizado a transformação substancial de sua “matriz energética” à combustão, para uma exclusivamente elétrica. O crescimento exponencial do mercado de veículos eletrificados traz como consequência a produção em massa de baterias de íons de lítio, que possuem tempo de vida determinado, devendo, após o transcurso de referido lapso temporal, serem devidamente descartadas, sob pena de causarem severos impactos ao meio ambiente. O presente trabalho faz, primeiramente, uma abordagem constitucional do tema, trazendo à baila a importância do desenvolvimento sustentável e a necessidade de respeito aos princípios gerais do Direito do Ambiente, os quais dão aso à criação de normas infraconstitucionais de cunho ambiental. Em um segundo momento, aborda-se a razão pela qual adotaram-se as baterias de íons de lítio aos veículos elétricos, os impactos ambientais que estas podem causar e sua classificação conforme a Lei 12.305/2010, que institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos; além da análise de seu ciclo de vida, que permite apurar a extensão da responsabilidade dos agentes envolvidos em sua cadeia produtiva. Nesta senda, em tom conclusivo, ante a inexistência de regramento legal específico quanto ao descarte da bateria de veículos elétricos e híbridos, o presente trabalho visa apresentar soluções ao iminente imbróglio (descarte indevido das baterias) à luz dos institutos e ferramentas previstos pela Lei 12.305/2010. Conclui-se que, ainda que a lei retromencionada possua certo grau de efetividade na amenização dos futuros impactos ambientais decorrentes da disposição inadequada das baterias, entende-se pela necessidade de criação de lei específica, prevendo técnicas e estratégias específicas para ampliação das hipóteses de destinação final ambientalmente adequada; tudo de modo a garantir a existência de um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, nos termos do que determina a Constituição Federal.
Undoubtedly, there is a worldwide ascension in the hybrid and electric cars industry; consequently, the reality in our national industry should not be different. Brazilian’s car manufacturers have already signalized the substantial transformation of its “energy mix”, migrating from a fossil fuel system to an exclusively electric one. The exponential growth in the electric cars market brings the mass production of lithium-ion batteries as a consequence. These batteries have a limited life span, forcing its users to eventually discard them in case of complete depletion. However, it is important that the battery discard happens in an appropriate way in order to prevent serious environmental damage. The Coursework at first approaches the constitutional facet of the theme, evincing the importance of the sustainable development and also showing the necessity of respecting the general principles of Environmental Law. The latter are responsible for the creation of infra-constitutional legislation in the realm of the Environmental Law, as the Coursework shows. Later on, the reasons why car manufacturers specifically chose lithium-ion batteries are tackled. Moreover, the Coursework dissects the possible drawbacks of this type of batteries and illustrates the legal discipline of the matter that is given by the Federal Law n. 12.305/2011, that inaugurates Brazilian’s “National Solid Waste Policy”. This law indicates the life cycles of the batteries and how exactly they affect the responsibility of the ones that are involved in the production chain. Issuing the matter, the Coursework concludes for the inexistence of a Brazilian legal discipline concerning the discard of electric or hybrid vehicle’s batteries and, altogether, displays solutions for this problem while using the various tools and institutes of the Federal Law n. 12.305/2011. This one just might presents itself as an effective piece of legislation to prevent or soften the environmental problems that are yet to come – but this is not enough. Thus, the only logical result is in the sense that the creation of a specific law addressing the matter is required. In this specific law – a truly legal Statute about the discard of lithium-ion batteries – we will find listed strategies and techniques to promote the adequate final destination of these batteries. All of this to guarantee the existence of an ecologically balanced environment, in the exact terms of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil.
Undoubtedly, there is a worldwide ascension in the hybrid and electric cars industry; consequently, the reality in our national industry should not be different. Brazilian’s car manufacturers have already signalized the substantial transformation of its “energy mix”, migrating from a fossil fuel system to an exclusively electric one. The exponential growth in the electric cars market brings the mass production of lithium-ion batteries as a consequence. These batteries have a limited life span, forcing its users to eventually discard them in case of complete depletion. However, it is important that the battery discard happens in an appropriate way in order to prevent serious environmental damage. The Coursework at first approaches the constitutional facet of the theme, evincing the importance of the sustainable development and also showing the necessity of respecting the general principles of Environmental Law. The latter are responsible for the creation of infra-constitutional legislation in the realm of the Environmental Law, as the Coursework shows. Later on, the reasons why car manufacturers specifically chose lithium-ion batteries are tackled. Moreover, the Coursework dissects the possible drawbacks of this type of batteries and illustrates the legal discipline of the matter that is given by the Federal Law n. 12.305/2011, that inaugurates Brazilian’s “National Solid Waste Policy”. This law indicates the life cycles of the batteries and how exactly they affect the responsibility of the ones that are involved in the production chain. Issuing the matter, the Coursework concludes for the inexistence of a Brazilian legal discipline concerning the discard of electric or hybrid vehicle’s batteries and, altogether, displays solutions for this problem while using the various tools and institutes of the Federal Law n. 12.305/2011. This one just might presents itself as an effective piece of legislation to prevent or soften the environmental problems that are yet to come – but this is not enough. Thus, the only logical result is in the sense that the creation of a specific law addressing the matter is required. In this specific law – a truly legal Statute about the discard of lithium-ion batteries – we will find listed strategies and techniques to promote the adequate final destination of these batteries. All of this to guarantee the existence of an ecologically balanced environment, in the exact terms of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil.
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Palavras-chave
descarte indevido , baterias de Íons de lítio , carros elétricos e híbridos , política nacional de resíduos sólidos , inadequate discard , lithium-ion batteries , electric and Hybrid cars , national solid waste policy