Análise jurisprudencial quanto à aplicação da ação direta de inconstitucionalidade por omissão no Brasil nos últimos 15 anos
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2023-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Silva, Ana Luísa Barboza de Oliveira
Orientador
Avelino, Pedro Buck
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Resumo
Este trabalho aborda a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade por Omissão (ADO) no contexto jurídico brasileiro, cujo enfoque é sua aplicação desde outubro de 2008 até maio de 2023. A ADO, instituto que realiza controle concentrado de constitucionalidade, visa enfrentar omissões estatais que comprometem a eficácia de normas constitucionais. Tal pesquisa foi realizada através do colhimento de dados das 76 ADOs autuadas e reautuadas no recorte temporal delimitado. Com isso, foi realizada interpretação destes dados através do método indutivo, de modo a identificar padrões de repetição de certas ocorrências quando da autuação, processamento e julgamento destas ADOs analisadas. Foi identificado que a maior parte das ADOs não são conhecidas, sugerindo uma certa resistência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) em analisá-las quanto ao mérito. Ainda, foi identificado que a postura da Corte quanto aos requisitos formais de seguimento tem sido mais restritiva, de modo que as negativas de conhecimento têm se dado principalmente por ilegitimidade ativa (com exigências inclusive que não constam da CF/88, quando da descrição, em seu art. 103, do rol de legitimados para proposição desta ação), cabimento da ação por inexistência de omissão inconstitucional e perda superveniente do objeto. Sendo assim, tendo em vista que a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade por Omissão, enquanto instrumento de controle abstrato de constitucionalidade, tem por objetivo preservar a integridade da Constituição Federal e promover a efetividade de suas disposições, questiona-se se não seria mais pertinente a adoção de interpretações mais abrangentes no que diz respeito ao conhecimento das ADOs. a fim de garantir que ao menos a matéria de mérito dessas ações seja devidamente apreciada pela Corte, em consonância com o interesse coletivo na preservação e fortalecimento do sistema constitucional.
This work addresses the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality by Omission in the Brazilian legal background, focusing on its application from October 2008 to May 2023. The Direct Action of Unconstitutionality by Omission is an institute that carries out concentrated control of constitutionality, therefore aiming the confrontation of state omissions that compromise the effectiveness of constitutional norms. This research was carried out by collecting data from the 76 Directs Actions of Unconstitutionality by Omission filed in the delimited time frame to the Brazilian Supreme Court. That being the case, this data was interpreted using the inductive method in order to identify patterns of repetition of certain occurrences when assessing, processing and judging these analyzed Directs Actions of Unconstitutionality by Omission. As a result, it was identified that most of them aren’t followed up, suggesting a certain resistance on the part of the Brazilian Supreme Court in analyzing them on their legal basis. Furthermore, it was identified that the Court's stance regarding formal follow-up requirements has been more restrictive, which have been mainly due to active illegitimacy (including requirements that are not included in the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution, when described, in its article 103, of the list of persons entitled to file this action), absence of unconstitutional omission and supervening loss of the object. Therefore, given that the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality by Omission, as an instrument of abstract control of constitutionality, aims to preserve the integrity of the Brazilian Federal Constitution and promote the effectiveness of its provisions, the question arises whether it would not be more pertinent to adopt of more comprehensive interpretations regarding knowledge of those Directs Actions of Unconstitutionality by Omission, in order to ensure that at least the merits and legal basis of these actions are duly assessed by the Court, in line with the collective interest in preserving and strengthening the constitutional system.
This work addresses the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality by Omission in the Brazilian legal background, focusing on its application from October 2008 to May 2023. The Direct Action of Unconstitutionality by Omission is an institute that carries out concentrated control of constitutionality, therefore aiming the confrontation of state omissions that compromise the effectiveness of constitutional norms. This research was carried out by collecting data from the 76 Directs Actions of Unconstitutionality by Omission filed in the delimited time frame to the Brazilian Supreme Court. That being the case, this data was interpreted using the inductive method in order to identify patterns of repetition of certain occurrences when assessing, processing and judging these analyzed Directs Actions of Unconstitutionality by Omission. As a result, it was identified that most of them aren’t followed up, suggesting a certain resistance on the part of the Brazilian Supreme Court in analyzing them on their legal basis. Furthermore, it was identified that the Court's stance regarding formal follow-up requirements has been more restrictive, which have been mainly due to active illegitimacy (including requirements that are not included in the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution, when described, in its article 103, of the list of persons entitled to file this action), absence of unconstitutional omission and supervening loss of the object. Therefore, given that the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality by Omission, as an instrument of abstract control of constitutionality, aims to preserve the integrity of the Brazilian Federal Constitution and promote the effectiveness of its provisions, the question arises whether it would not be more pertinent to adopt of more comprehensive interpretations regarding knowledge of those Directs Actions of Unconstitutionality by Omission, in order to ensure that at least the merits and legal basis of these actions are duly assessed by the Court, in line with the collective interest in preserving and strengthening the constitutional system.
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Palavras-chave
controle concentrado de constitucionalidade , ação direta de inconstitucionalidade por omissão , Supremo Tribunal Federal , omissões inconstitucionais , concentrated control of constitutionality , direct action of unconstitutionality by omission , brazilian supreme court , unconstitutional omissions