A tese do marco temporal e o desmantelamento dos direitos dos povos indígenas no Brasil
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2022-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Magalhães, Maitê Marques
Orientador
Bôas Filho, Orlando Villas
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Resumo
O Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), no julgamento referente à demarcação da terra indígena Raposa Serra do Sol, estabeleceu como critério da ocupação tradicional, a constatação da presença indígena na terra reivindicada na data de promulgação da Constituição Federal, 05 de outubro de 1988, ressalvada a possibilidade de prova de renitente esbulho. Trata-se da imposição, a partir do julgado, de um marco temporal para reconhecimento de determinada terra como indígena. Com o presente trabalho, buscou-se observar as disposições constitucionais sobre o tema e a referida tese adotada pelo STF, elaborando uma análise sob o viés da Antropologia Jurídica a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica quanto ao tema. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa apontou que a interpretação doutrinária do texto constitucional demonstra a tese do indigenato, a qual reconhece o direito originário e congênito aos povos indígenas das terras que tradicionalmente ocupam, evidenciando que a tese adotada pela corte superior não encontra embasamento constitucional. A partir disso, realizou-se apontamentos críticos respaldados pela antropologia jurídica quanto aos equívocos da decisão, aos perigos de sua aplicação e, por fim, quanto à sua dissonância com o objetivo de proteção das comunidades indígenas no Brasil.
The Federal Supreme Court, in the judgement of the demarcation of Raposa Serra do Sol indigenous land’s, created a time frame occupation as a condition that verifies the indigeanous presence in the claimed territory at the time of the promulgation of the federal constitution on October 5, 1988, except for the hypothesis of reluctant embezzlement. It is the imposition of a time frame for the recognition of a certain land as indigenous. With this paper, the goal was to observe the provisions of the constitution on the subject and also the Supreme Court thesis’ creating an analysis from the perspective of Legal Anthropology through a bibliographic research on the subject. The development of the research demonstrated that the Federal Constitution interpretation, based on the doctrine, points to the thesis of Indigenato that recognizes the original and congenital right to indigenous peoples of the lands they traditionally occupy. In this way, demonstrating the unconstitutionality of the theory presented by the Federal Supreme Court. From there, critical notes were raised supported by Legal Anthropology regarding the mistakes of the decision, the dangers of its application, and finally, about the dissonance with the objective of protecting indigenous communities.
The Federal Supreme Court, in the judgement of the demarcation of Raposa Serra do Sol indigenous land’s, created a time frame occupation as a condition that verifies the indigeanous presence in the claimed territory at the time of the promulgation of the federal constitution on October 5, 1988, except for the hypothesis of reluctant embezzlement. It is the imposition of a time frame for the recognition of a certain land as indigenous. With this paper, the goal was to observe the provisions of the constitution on the subject and also the Supreme Court thesis’ creating an analysis from the perspective of Legal Anthropology through a bibliographic research on the subject. The development of the research demonstrated that the Federal Constitution interpretation, based on the doctrine, points to the thesis of Indigenato that recognizes the original and congenital right to indigenous peoples of the lands they traditionally occupy. In this way, demonstrating the unconstitutionality of the theory presented by the Federal Supreme Court. From there, critical notes were raised supported by Legal Anthropology regarding the mistakes of the decision, the dangers of its application, and finally, about the dissonance with the objective of protecting indigenous communities.
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demarcação de terra indígena , marco temporal de ocupação , antropologia jurídica , demarcation of indigenous lands , time frame occupation , legal anthropology