Impeachment e revogação de mandato: a (in)viabilidade da coexistência dos institutos no Brasil sob a ótica da PEC nº 21/2015
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2022-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Alves, Giovana Helena
Orientador
Soares, Alessandro de Oliveira
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Resumo
O objeto de estudo consiste na comparação dos mecanismos do impeachment e do recall político a partir da ótica da Proposta de Emenda à Constituição nº 21/2015, que busca introduzir no Brasil, com a alteração do artigo 14 da Constituição Federal de 1988, dois novos institutos da democracia participativa, o direito de revogação e o veto popular. O enfoque deste trabalho, no entanto, será direcionado ao direito de revogação de mandato. A Constituição Federal de 1988, por sua vez, é conservadora quanto à previsão de mecanismos de democracia direta. Estes, no entanto, precisam ser incentivados, posto se tratar, o Brasil, de uma democracia semidireta e, portanto, deve aspirar ao aprofundamento democrático e participativo, para que o equilíbrio entre a representação política e a soberania popular seja contemplado. Com base em conceitos ideais, é possível afirmar que a PEC nº 21/2015 poderia representar um avanço em busca de tal aprofundamento, pois a revogação de mandato presidencial almejada por ela é um mecanismo de democracia direta, inspirado pelo "recall político" estadunidense. Por meio deste novo instrumento, seria possível a cassação do mandato de um governante democraticamente eleito, por mera vontade popular. Há, contudo, no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, o instituto do impeachment, que também tem a cassação de mandato como consequência. Dessa forma, o presente estudo busca entender se ambos os institutos poderiam conviver no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro; bem como se seria viável e vantajosa a implementação da revogação de mandato no Brasil. A pesquisa conclui, então, que o mecanismo da revogação de mandato, inspirado pelo recall, deve ser fomentado (inclusive, por poder conviver com o impeachment), contudo, não conforme os moldes visados pela PEC nº 21/2015.
This study consists of comparing the impeachment mechanism to the political recall, from the perspective of the Proposal for Constitutional Amendment nº 21/2015, which seeks to introduce in Brazil two new institutes of participatory democracy, the mandate revocation and the popular veto, through the amendment of article 14 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil (1988). The focus of this work, however, is on the mandate revocation. The Brazilian Constitution is conservative when it comes to direct democracy mechanisms. These, although, must be encouraged, since Brazil is a semi-direct democracy, which means that it must aspire to a democratic and participatory deepening, in order to contemplate a balance between political representation and popular sovereignty. Based on ideal concepts, it's possible to affirm that the Proposal for Constitutional Amendment nº 21/2015 could represent a step forward to that deepening, since it seeks to implement the revocation of the presidential mandate, which is a mechanism of direct democracy, inspired by the American political recall. Through this new instrument, it would be possible to revoke the mandate of a democratically elected leader, by popular will. The impeachment, although, is already predicted by the Brazilian legal system, and it also has the same consequence as the revocation of the presidential mandate, which would be to revoke a legitimacy. Therefore, this study aims to understand if both instruments can live together in the Brazilian legal system; and if it would be possible and useful to implement the mandate revocation in Brazil. The research concludes, then, that the mandate revocation mechanism, inspired by the recall, should be encouraged (since it can, also, coexist with the impeachment), however, not according to the molds desired by the Proposal for Constitutional Amendment nº 21/2015.
This study consists of comparing the impeachment mechanism to the political recall, from the perspective of the Proposal for Constitutional Amendment nº 21/2015, which seeks to introduce in Brazil two new institutes of participatory democracy, the mandate revocation and the popular veto, through the amendment of article 14 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil (1988). The focus of this work, however, is on the mandate revocation. The Brazilian Constitution is conservative when it comes to direct democracy mechanisms. These, although, must be encouraged, since Brazil is a semi-direct democracy, which means that it must aspire to a democratic and participatory deepening, in order to contemplate a balance between political representation and popular sovereignty. Based on ideal concepts, it's possible to affirm that the Proposal for Constitutional Amendment nº 21/2015 could represent a step forward to that deepening, since it seeks to implement the revocation of the presidential mandate, which is a mechanism of direct democracy, inspired by the American political recall. Through this new instrument, it would be possible to revoke the mandate of a democratically elected leader, by popular will. The impeachment, although, is already predicted by the Brazilian legal system, and it also has the same consequence as the revocation of the presidential mandate, which would be to revoke a legitimacy. Therefore, this study aims to understand if both instruments can live together in the Brazilian legal system; and if it would be possible and useful to implement the mandate revocation in Brazil. The research concludes, then, that the mandate revocation mechanism, inspired by the recall, should be encouraged (since it can, also, coexist with the impeachment), however, not according to the molds desired by the Proposal for Constitutional Amendment nº 21/2015.
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Palavras-chave
impeachment , recall político , revogação de mandato , PEC nº 21/2015 , recall , mandate revocation , democracy , popular sovereignty