A violência obstétrica em face da institucionalização da cesariana no Brasil
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2022-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Barbosa, Gabriela de Carvalho
Orientador
Lopes, Mariângela Tomé
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Resumo
Ante à necessidade de verificar a experiência das mulheres nos ambientes de assistência médica e hospitalar durante o período gravídico-puerperal - correspondente ao pré-parto, ao parto e ao pós-parto -, em virtude da necessidade de garantir os direitos fundamentais da mulher neste ciclo, pesquisa-se sobre a violência obstétrica praticada por entidades públicas, privadas e por particulares da equipe médica, integrada por médicos e seus assistentes. Visando constatar a origem da violência obstétrica quando pensada na própria história do parto, relaciona-se a medicalização do parto e o uso indiscriminado da cirurgia cesariana no Brasil como fatores relevantes para a ocorrência desta violência. Além disso, para compreender o instituto da violência obstétrica, fez-se necessário compreender a extensão da consciência das mulheres sobre as etapas do parto, os meios pelos quais são feitos - parto natural ou parto cesárea -, as implicações, em seu corpo e na vida de seu bebê, de suas escolhas e até mesmo a sapiência desta possibilidade: o poder de escolha feminino. Vislumbrou-se a forma como ocorre a violência obstétrica e como ela se enquadra na prática, tendo em vista que muitas gestantes e puérperas não reconhecem a prática quando ela ocorre, ou seja, não percebem que ao serem xingadas, maltratadas ou submetidas a procedimentos humilhantes e cruéis, estão sendo vítimas de uma violência. Para atingir o objetivo deste trabalho, qual seja, constatar como a violência obstétrica cresceu com a institucionalização da cesariana, é fundamental realizar uma pesquisa legislativa, compreendendo as lacunas judiciais na garantia dos direitos das mulheres e como elas incentivam a violência obstétrica no meio médico ante a inaplicabilidade de penas contra seus responsáveis. Por fim, a humanização do parto se mostra fundamental para a melhor experiência das mulheres e do nascimento das crianças, com a presença de parteiras e doulas no ambiente hospitalar durante o parto, afim de auxiliar e acalmar as parturientes que assim desejarem, sempre pensando no respeito às suas vontades e preferências, no limite do caso clínico.
In view of the need to verify the experience of women in medical and hospital care environments during the pregnancy-puerperal period - corresponding to pre-partum, childbirth and postpartum - due to the need to guarantee women's fundamental rights in this cycle, research is carried out on obstetric violence practiced by public and private entities and by individuals of the medical team, made up of physicians and their assistants. In order to verify the origin of obstetric violence when considering the history of childbirth itself, the medicalization of childbirth and the indiscriminate use of cesarean surgery in Brazil are related to relevant factors for the occurrence of this violence. In addition, to understand the institute of obstetric violence, it was necessary to understand the extent of women's awareness of the stages of childbirth, the means by which they are performed - natural childbirth or cesarean delivery -, the implications, in their body and in the her baby's life, her choices and even the wisdom of this possibility: the female power of choice. The way in which obstetric violence occurs and how it fits into the practice was glimpsed, considering that many pregnant and postpartum women do not recognize the practice when it occurs, that is, they do not realize that when they are cursed, mistreated or subjected to humiliating procedures and cruel, are being victims of violence. In order to achieve the objective of this work, that is, to verify how obstetric violence grew with the institutionalization of cesarean section, it is essential to carry out a legislative research, understanding the judicial gaps in guaranteeing women's rights and how they encourage obstetric violence in the medical environment before the inapplicability of penalties against those responsible. Finally, the humanization of childbirth is fundamental for the best experience of women and the birth of children, with the presence of midwives and doulas in the hospital environment during childbirth, in order to assist and calm the parturients who wish to do so, always thinking about the respect to their wishes and preferences, within the limits of the clinical case.
In view of the need to verify the experience of women in medical and hospital care environments during the pregnancy-puerperal period - corresponding to pre-partum, childbirth and postpartum - due to the need to guarantee women's fundamental rights in this cycle, research is carried out on obstetric violence practiced by public and private entities and by individuals of the medical team, made up of physicians and their assistants. In order to verify the origin of obstetric violence when considering the history of childbirth itself, the medicalization of childbirth and the indiscriminate use of cesarean surgery in Brazil are related to relevant factors for the occurrence of this violence. In addition, to understand the institute of obstetric violence, it was necessary to understand the extent of women's awareness of the stages of childbirth, the means by which they are performed - natural childbirth or cesarean delivery -, the implications, in their body and in the her baby's life, her choices and even the wisdom of this possibility: the female power of choice. The way in which obstetric violence occurs and how it fits into the practice was glimpsed, considering that many pregnant and postpartum women do not recognize the practice when it occurs, that is, they do not realize that when they are cursed, mistreated or subjected to humiliating procedures and cruel, are being victims of violence. In order to achieve the objective of this work, that is, to verify how obstetric violence grew with the institutionalization of cesarean section, it is essential to carry out a legislative research, understanding the judicial gaps in guaranteeing women's rights and how they encourage obstetric violence in the medical environment before the inapplicability of penalties against those responsible. Finally, the humanization of childbirth is fundamental for the best experience of women and the birth of children, with the presence of midwives and doulas in the hospital environment during childbirth, in order to assist and calm the parturients who wish to do so, always thinking about the respect to their wishes and preferences, within the limits of the clinical case.
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Palavras-chave
violência obstétrica , gestantes , parturientes , direitos , obstetric violence , pregnant women , parturients , rights