Teorias tradicionais e emergentes da responsabilidade civil no século XXI: uma análise à luz da lei geral de proteção de dados
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2023-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Cunha, Heloísa Helena de Paula
Orientador
Caldeira, Adriano César Braz
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Resumo
Partindo do pressuposto que a Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) é omissa quanto ao regime de responsabilidade civil adotado, o presente artigo científico aborda a temática do estudo da responsabilidade civil na LGPD, expondo as principais vertentes doutrinárias sobre o assunto e analisando jurisprudência e os precedentes relevantes para o presente estudo. As finalidades pretendidas são (i) compreender o contexto de criação das teorias de responsabilidade civil, suas premissas e fundamentos, (ii) expor os posicionamentos doutrinários acerca do tema, pontuando as principais teses alegadas pelas vertentes defensoras da responsabilidade objetiva, subjetiva, dualista e proativa e (iii) analisar como as sanções vem sendo aplicadas, traçando possíveis paralelos com as teses defendidas pela doutrina. A metodologia abordada foi a dedutiva e descritiva-analítica. Quanto ao método de pesquisa, utilizou-se a pesquisa documental das legislações em vigor e resoluções emitidas pela Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD) em conjunto com o levantamento jurisprudencial e a revisão bibliográfica de doutrinas, livros e artigos científicos. Como resultado, constata-se que ainda não exista um consenso na doutrina, e que a jurisprudência não tenha assumido uma posição clara quanto ao regime de responsabilidade civil adotado, foram identificados indicativos valiosos nas decisões analisadas que remetem a inaplicabilidade da teoria do risco, como regra geral, das relações no âmbito da LGPD, desconstruindo a máxima de que a atividade de dados sempre configura uma atividade de risco. A partir disso, tem-se que, dentre as teorias tradicionais, a jurisprudência se aproxima da teoria da culpa, mas sem refutar a possibilidade de adoção da teoria do risco como um sistema subsidiário. Paralelamente, também é possível argumentar em favor da responsabilidade proativa baseando-se nas sanções aplicadas pela ANPD, mas essa vertente ainda se mostra minoritária em comparação às teorias tradicionais supramencionadas.
On the premise that the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD) is silent on the civil liability regime adopted, this scientific article deals with the study of civil liability in the LGPD, setting out the main doctrinal approaches on the subject and analyzing jurisprudence and precedents relevant to this study. The objectives are (i) to understand the context in which the theories of civil liability were created, their premises and foundations, (ii) to set out the doctrinal positions on the subject, highlighting the main theses put forward by the advocates of objective, subjective, dualistic and proactive liability systems and (iii) to analyze how sanctions have been applied, drawing possible parallels with the theses defended by the doctrine. The methodology adopted was deductive and descriptive-analytical. As for the research method, documental research of current legislation and resolutions issued by the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) was used, along with a survey of jurisprudence and a bibliographic review of doctrine, books and scientific articles. As a result, it can be inferred that even though there is no consensus among the doctrine, and the jurisprudence has not taken a clear position on the civil liability regime adopted, there were identified valuable indications in the decisions analyzed that refer to the inapplicability of the theory of risk as a general rule of relations within the scope of the LGPD, deconstructing the motto that the processing of data always constitutes a risk activity. From this perspective, it appears that among the traditional theories, jurisprudence is leaning towards the theory of guilt, but without refuting the possibility of adopting the theory of risk as a subsidiary system. At the same time, it is also reasonable to argue in favor of proactive liability based on the sanctions applied by the ANPD, but this theory is still in the minority compared to the traditional theories mentioned above.
On the premise that the Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD) is silent on the civil liability regime adopted, this scientific article deals with the study of civil liability in the LGPD, setting out the main doctrinal approaches on the subject and analyzing jurisprudence and precedents relevant to this study. The objectives are (i) to understand the context in which the theories of civil liability were created, their premises and foundations, (ii) to set out the doctrinal positions on the subject, highlighting the main theses put forward by the advocates of objective, subjective, dualistic and proactive liability systems and (iii) to analyze how sanctions have been applied, drawing possible parallels with the theses defended by the doctrine. The methodology adopted was deductive and descriptive-analytical. As for the research method, documental research of current legislation and resolutions issued by the National Data Protection Authority (ANPD) was used, along with a survey of jurisprudence and a bibliographic review of doctrine, books and scientific articles. As a result, it can be inferred that even though there is no consensus among the doctrine, and the jurisprudence has not taken a clear position on the civil liability regime adopted, there were identified valuable indications in the decisions analyzed that refer to the inapplicability of the theory of risk as a general rule of relations within the scope of the LGPD, deconstructing the motto that the processing of data always constitutes a risk activity. From this perspective, it appears that among the traditional theories, jurisprudence is leaning towards the theory of guilt, but without refuting the possibility of adopting the theory of risk as a subsidiary system. At the same time, it is also reasonable to argue in favor of proactive liability based on the sanctions applied by the ANPD, but this theory is still in the minority compared to the traditional theories mentioned above.
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Palavras-chave
lei geral de proteção de dados , responsabilidade civil , sanções ANPD , brazilian general data protection law , civil liability , ANPD sanctions