Transplante de órgãos e tecidos humanos: doadores em potencial e a autonomia da vontade
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2023-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Barbetta, Fabio Magalhes
Orientador
Resende Junior, José de
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O transplante de órgãos e tecidos humanos representa um dos maiores avanços da medicina desde o século XX, sendo, por vezes, a última alternativa terapêutica, em casos de falência de órgãos. No entanto, este assunto ainda desperta muitas polêmicas na sociedade. Uma série de estudos retrospectivos, em diversos países, demonstraram que as taxas de doação estão consideravelmente abaixo da demanda, o que justifica uma análise mais profunda sobre as causas, assim como o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas capazes de estimular a doação de órgãos e tecidos humanos. Com a introdução da Lei no 10.211 / 2001, e alteração da Lei dos Transplantes, a previsão legal do consentimento presumido para a doação de órgãos é revogada do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Retoma-se, portanto, a obrigatoriedade da autorização familiar, independente da vontade do potencial doador, quando em vida, comprometendo-se a autonomia da vontade, princípio este fundamental na Bioética, na teoria Ética de Kant, e expresso Código Civil, de 2002, e Código de Ética Médica, de 2019. Ainda que o consentimento presumido seja considerado por alguns como uma importante inovação legislativa capaz de aumentar as taxas de doadores, e consequentemente, de transplantes, deve-se também resguardar o princípio da autonomia da vontade, ou seja, uma pessoa, consciente, e apta a decidir, por si, sobre seu próprio corpo após a morte.
Transplantation of human organs and tissues represents one of the greatest achievements in medicine since the 20th century, sometimes being the last therapeutic alternative in cases of organ failure. However, this subject still raises many controversies in society. A series of retrospective studies in several countries have shown that donation rates are considerably below demand, which justifies a deeper analysis of the causes, as well as the development of public policies to increase donation rates of human organs and tissues. Following enactment of Law no 10.211 / 2001, and amendment of the Law of Organ Transplantation, legal provision of presumed consent for organ donation was revoked from the brazilian legal system. Therefore, requirement for family approval for donation was reestablished, regardless of the will of the potential donor, while he was alive. There is so forth a commitment of the autonomy of the will, a fundamental principle in Bioethics, in Kant's Ethical theory, and expressed in the Civil Code of 2002 and Code of Medical Ethics of 2019. Although presumed consent is considered by some as an important legislative innovation capable of increasing donor rates, and consequently, transplants, the principle of autonomy of will must also be safeguarded, that is, a person, aware and able to decide for himself about his own body after death.
Transplantation of human organs and tissues represents one of the greatest achievements in medicine since the 20th century, sometimes being the last therapeutic alternative in cases of organ failure. However, this subject still raises many controversies in society. A series of retrospective studies in several countries have shown that donation rates are considerably below demand, which justifies a deeper analysis of the causes, as well as the development of public policies to increase donation rates of human organs and tissues. Following enactment of Law no 10.211 / 2001, and amendment of the Law of Organ Transplantation, legal provision of presumed consent for organ donation was revoked from the brazilian legal system. Therefore, requirement for family approval for donation was reestablished, regardless of the will of the potential donor, while he was alive. There is so forth a commitment of the autonomy of the will, a fundamental principle in Bioethics, in Kant's Ethical theory, and expressed in the Civil Code of 2002 and Code of Medical Ethics of 2019. Although presumed consent is considered by some as an important legislative innovation capable of increasing donor rates, and consequently, transplants, the principle of autonomy of will must also be safeguarded, that is, a person, aware and able to decide for himself about his own body after death.
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Palavras-chave
transplante de órgãos , autonomia , Kant , organ transplantation , autonomy