A influência do pensamento especista na definição da natureza jurídica dos animais não-humanos sob a perspectiva do direito brasileiro
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2022-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Silva, Gabriel Cardoso da
Orientador
Lopes, Cintia Barudi
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Resumo
O presente trabalho tem por finalidade promover uma breve reflexão sobre a forma como os seres humanos vêm se relacionando com os animais, e o papel desempenhado pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro na função de assegurar que o convívio entre seres diferentes na espécie e na capacidade de raciocínio, mas semelhantes na fisiologia e na origem, seja possível sem que arbitrariedades sejam cometidas. As raízes históricas do homem o fizeram acreditar que sua relação com a natureza era de hierarquia, onde ele ocuparia o topo da pirâmide, cuja superioridade lhe concederia o direito de explorar tudo o que fosse possível, inclusive os animais, considerados por ele como seres inferiores, criaturas sem alma ou máquinas, desprovidas da capacidade de sentirem dor. Consequentemente, este pensamento ocidental repercutiu no direito, não sendo diferente no caso do Brasil, cujas leis aparentam privilegiar os interesses humanos em detrimento dos interesses dos animais, mesmo para satisfazer suas vontades mais triviais. Visando esclarecer tais aparências, o presente trabalho analisou a natureza jurídica dos animais segundo a Constituição Federal, o Código Civil de 2002 e o posicionamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal no caso da vaquejada, concluindo-se que o direito brasileiro confere aos animais o status jurídico de coisa, em descompasso com a realidade biológica dessas criaturas como seres sencientes, razão pela qual exige-se mudanças, a exemplo do que ordenamentos jurídicos de outros países já vêm fazendo, mas sabe-se que tal iniciativa não será tarefa fácil, visto a predominância do pensamento antropocêntrico-especista na maioria dos humanos.
The present work aims to promote a brief reflection on the way in which human beings have been relating to animals, and the role played by the Brazilian legal system in the function of ensuring that the coexistence between beings different in species and in the capacity of reasoning, but similar in physiology and origin, is possible without arbitrariness being committed. Man's historical roots made him believe that his relationship with nature was one of hierarchy, where he would occupy the top of the pyramid, whose superiority would grant him the right to explore everything possible, including animals, considered by him as inferior beings, soulless creatures or machines, devoid of the ability to feel pain. Consequently, this western thinking had repercussions on the law, not being different in the case of Brazil, whose laws seem to privilege human interests to the detriment of the interests of animals, even to satisfy their most trivial desires. In order to clarify these appearances, the present work analyzed the legal nature of animals according to the Federal Constitution, the Civil Code of 2002 and the position of the Federal Supreme Court in the case of vaquejada, concluding that Brazilian law grants animals the legal status of thing, out of step with the biological reality of these creatures as sentient beings, which is why changes are required, as the legal systems of other countries are already doing, but it is known that such an initiative will not be an easy task, given the predominance of anthropocentric-speciesist thinking in most humans.
The present work aims to promote a brief reflection on the way in which human beings have been relating to animals, and the role played by the Brazilian legal system in the function of ensuring that the coexistence between beings different in species and in the capacity of reasoning, but similar in physiology and origin, is possible without arbitrariness being committed. Man's historical roots made him believe that his relationship with nature was one of hierarchy, where he would occupy the top of the pyramid, whose superiority would grant him the right to explore everything possible, including animals, considered by him as inferior beings, soulless creatures or machines, devoid of the ability to feel pain. Consequently, this western thinking had repercussions on the law, not being different in the case of Brazil, whose laws seem to privilege human interests to the detriment of the interests of animals, even to satisfy their most trivial desires. In order to clarify these appearances, the present work analyzed the legal nature of animals according to the Federal Constitution, the Civil Code of 2002 and the position of the Federal Supreme Court in the case of vaquejada, concluding that Brazilian law grants animals the legal status of thing, out of step with the biological reality of these creatures as sentient beings, which is why changes are required, as the legal systems of other countries are already doing, but it is known that such an initiative will not be an easy task, given the predominance of anthropocentric-speciesist thinking in most humans.
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Palavras-chave
especismo , direito dos animais , senciência , speciesism , animal rights , sentience