Individual Differences in Cognitive Abilities affects Strategies revealed by Eye Movements in Tasks with Answer Choices

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dc.contributor.advisorMacedo, Elizeu Coutinho de
dc.contributor.authorLaurence, Paulo Guirro
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-13T19:10:59Z
dc.date.available2022-01-13T19:10:59Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-04
dc.description.abstractResumo somente em inglês.pt_BR
dc.description.sponsorshipCAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nívelpt_BR
dc.description.sponsorshipFAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulopt_BR
dc.description.sponsorshipIPM - Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenziept_BR
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/28644
dc.language.isoenpt_BR
dc.publisherUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/*
dc.subjectinteligênciapt_BR
dc.subjectfunção cognitivapt_BR
dc.titleIndividual Differences in Cognitive Abilities affects Strategies revealed by Eye Movements in Tasks with Answer Choicespt_BR
dc.typeTesept_BR
local.contributor.advisorLatteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0683719309513445pt_BR
local.contributor.advisorOrcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-3450pt_BR
local.contributor.authorLatteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4541623163228694pt_BR
local.contributor.authorOrcidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0177-6778pt_BR
local.contributor.board1Boggio, Paulo Sérgio
local.contributor.board1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0659408656635728pt_BR
local.contributor.board2Pompeia, Sabine
local.contributor.board2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7010761150041393pt_BR
local.contributor.board3Nunes, Leandro de Castro
local.contributor.board3Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2741458816539568pt_BR
local.contributor.board4Serpa, Alexandre Luiz de Oliveira
local.contributor.board4Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1023215520512386pt_BR
local.description.abstractenWhen performing complex activities, it is common to use different cognitive strategies to solve the problem. These strategies can be accessed by various methods, such as self-report, observation of steps during the task, or eye movements. The application of the method depends on the type of activity. Tasks that require one step at a time from the participant make it possible to analyze the task step by step. Tasks, where there are no clear steps, require other methods. An example is tasks with answer banks where the test-taker must choose an option, such as matrix reasoning or gap-fill tests. In this type of task, visual inspection of the test is critical for a correct answer, in addition to revealing which cognitive strategy was used. Furthermore, these strategies are mediated by diverse cognitive abilities. With that in mind, the objective of this thesis was two-fold: we aimed to analyze which cognitive strategies, measured by eye gaze patterns, are used in different tasks with answer banks; secondly, we aimed to relate the cognitive strategies with several cognitive measures in order to pinpoint which cognitive abilities are related to these strategies. This thesis has three studies: a theoretical review of the cognitive strategies applied in matrix reasoning tests, and two experimental studies. The first study had two samples (N = 62 and N = 73) and aimed to explore the relationship between cognitive abilities and eye-tracking measures related to strategy use in matrix reasoning tasks Results indicated that self-reported executive functions, working memory, and planning are directly related to the strategies applied in the matrix reasoning test. Fluid reasoning also showed a relationship with the applied strategy, but less than the other cognitive abilities. The second study had a sample of 51 participants and the objective was also two-fold: first, we aimed to identify the cognitive visual strategies in the cloze test using a non-supervised algorithm that accounts for the scanpath instead of the summarized events; second, we aimed to analyze the relationship of these strategies with the working memory and the performance in the cloze test. It was possible to category the eye gaze in two strategies: a global and a local strategy. There was a direct relationship between working memory and which strategy was used, with the global strategy being related to individuals with higher working memory. Furthermore, the cognitive-visual strategies were also related to performance within the Cloze test: the global strategy was related to better performance. With the results of the three studies, we were able to understand that working memory is a fundamental cognitive component that mediated which cognitive strategies were used by test-takers. In addition, patterns of high alternance between different areas of interest in tests are usually related to poorer performance, which may indicate that when participants are able to perform what is necessary to solve the test item, they do it directly and concisely, but when there is some difficulty, they make multiple comparisons between different areas trying to find a missing clue. These findings may guide future research in understanding cognitive strategies on different tests, as well as interventions for groups that are underperformingpt_BR
local.keywordsworking memorypt_BR
local.keywordseye movementspt_BR
local.keywordseye-trackingpt_BR
local.keywordscognitive functionpt_BR
local.keywordsintelligencept_BR
local.keywordsreadingpt_BR
local.publisher.countryBrasil
local.publisher.departmentCentro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS)pt_BR
local.publisher.initialsUPM
local.publisher.programDistúrbios do Desenvolvimentopt_BR
local.subject.cnpqCNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::PSICOLOGIA::PSICOLOGIA EXPERIMENTAL::PROCESSOS COGNITIVOS E ATENCIONAISpt_BR
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