A efetividade das ações afirmativas destinadas à inclusão da população negra no Brasil
Carregando...
Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2021-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Jesus, Rafael de Morais de
Orientador
Alvim, Márcia Cristina de Souza
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
Programa
Resumo
Este trabalho tem como tema central a efetividade das ações afirmativas destinadas à inclusão da população negra. O Brasil foi um dos últimos países do mundo a abolir, formalmente, a escravidão, após mais de três séculos de discriminação estrutural e sistemática. Atualmente, não obstante o fato de que a população negra constitua aproximadamente 54% da população brasileira, segundo dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), tal cenário não se reproduz no ensino superior e no mercado de trabalho, sobretudo em cargos de gestão e liderança. Com efeito, tomando como base diplomas internacionais que versam sobre a erradicação da discriminação e promoção de direitos da população negra, o Congresso Nacional aprovou a Lei 12.711/2012 e a Lei 12.990/2014, as quais impõem, respectivamente, a necessidade de reserva de vagas destinadas à inclusão da população negra no ensino superior e no serviço público. Ocorre que, apesar de decorridos dez anos de aprovação da primeira Lei que impõe a reserva de vagas para a população negra, a realidade ainda se mostra distante dos preceitos constitucionais de justiça social e igualdade material. Surge, portanto, o problema central da pesquisa, qual seja, quais os obstáculos à efetividade das ações afirmativas voltadas à inclusão da população negra. Este trabalho teve por objetivo, portanto, identificar tais óbices, bem como analisar as políticas de ações afirmativas à luz da Constituição Federal de 1988. Concluiu-se que, inúmeros são os fatores que se constituem como obstáculos à efetividade das ações afirmativas, destacando-se, primeiro, a ausência de medidas sancionatórias tanto à iniciativa privada como ao Poder Público em razão do descumprimento de tais medidas, segundo, a fragilidade dos critérios de identificação da condição de negro e, terceiro, a inexistência de medidas que visem combater à evasão escolar no sistema básico de ensino como uma das causas originárias do problema da efetividade das ações afirmativas voltadas à inclusão da população negra. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho se deu por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, analisando-se livros e artigos científicos, legislação aplicável e entendimentos jurisprudenciais consolidados no âmbito do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Por fim, somente a revisão constante das políticas de ações afirmativas e a adoção de um conjunto de medidas simultâneas à execução das referidas ações permitirá o alcance de um cenário ao menos próximo de concretização dos direitos fundamentais da população negra.
This work has as its central theme the effectiveness of affirmative actions aimed at the inclusion of the black population. Brazil was one of the last countries in the world to formally abolish slavery, after more than three centuries of structural and systematic discrimination. Currently, despite the fact that the black population constitutes approximately 54% of the Brazilian population, according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), this scenario does not reproduce in higher education and in the labor market, especially in positions of management and leadership. Indeed, based on international diplomas that deal with the eradication of discrimination and the promotion of the rights of the black population, the National Congress approved Law 12.711/2012 and Law 12.990/2014, which impose, respectively, the need to reserve vacancies for the inclusion of the black population in higher education and in the public service. It turns out that, despite ten years after the approval of the first Law that imposes the reservation of vacancies for the black population, the reality is still distant from the constitutional precepts of social justice and material equality. Therefore, the central research problem arises, that is, what are the obstacles to the effectiveness of affirmative actions aimed at the inclusion of the black population. This study aimed, therefore, to identify such obstacles, as well as to analyze the affirmative action policies in the light of the 1988 Federal Constitution. if, first, the absence of sanctioning measures for both the private sector and the Public Power due to noncompliance with such measures, second, the weakness of the criteria for identifying the condition of black and, third, the lack of measures aimed at combating evasion education in the basic education system as one of the root causes of the problem of the effectiveness of affirmative actions aimed at the inclusion of the black population. The development of this work took place through bibliographic research, analyzing books and scientific articles, applicable legislation and consolidated jurisprudential understandings within the scope of the Supreme Federal Court (STF). Finally, only the constant review of affirmative action policies and the adoption of a set of measures simultaneous to the execution of these actions will allow the achievement of a scenario at least close to the realization of the fundamental rights of the black population.
This work has as its central theme the effectiveness of affirmative actions aimed at the inclusion of the black population. Brazil was one of the last countries in the world to formally abolish slavery, after more than three centuries of structural and systematic discrimination. Currently, despite the fact that the black population constitutes approximately 54% of the Brazilian population, according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), this scenario does not reproduce in higher education and in the labor market, especially in positions of management and leadership. Indeed, based on international diplomas that deal with the eradication of discrimination and the promotion of the rights of the black population, the National Congress approved Law 12.711/2012 and Law 12.990/2014, which impose, respectively, the need to reserve vacancies for the inclusion of the black population in higher education and in the public service. It turns out that, despite ten years after the approval of the first Law that imposes the reservation of vacancies for the black population, the reality is still distant from the constitutional precepts of social justice and material equality. Therefore, the central research problem arises, that is, what are the obstacles to the effectiveness of affirmative actions aimed at the inclusion of the black population. This study aimed, therefore, to identify such obstacles, as well as to analyze the affirmative action policies in the light of the 1988 Federal Constitution. if, first, the absence of sanctioning measures for both the private sector and the Public Power due to noncompliance with such measures, second, the weakness of the criteria for identifying the condition of black and, third, the lack of measures aimed at combating evasion education in the basic education system as one of the root causes of the problem of the effectiveness of affirmative actions aimed at the inclusion of the black population. The development of this work took place through bibliographic research, analyzing books and scientific articles, applicable legislation and consolidated jurisprudential understandings within the scope of the Supreme Federal Court (STF). Finally, only the constant review of affirmative action policies and the adoption of a set of measures simultaneous to the execution of these actions will allow the achievement of a scenario at least close to the realization of the fundamental rights of the black population.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
escravidão , racismo estrutural , ações afirmativas , igualdade material , slavery , structural racism , affirmative actions , material equality