Atentado contra a segurança do transporte aéreo: uma análise do art. 261 do Código Penal voltada para a aviação comercial
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2019-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Corrêa, Vinicius da Silva
Orientador
Felberg, Rodrigo
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
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Resumo
No último ano de 2018, apenas entre companhias aéreas nacionais, foram registrados 102,4 milhões de pessoas que fizeram a utilização de aeronaves como meio de locomoção; número recorde, o que aduz a relevância que vem sendo conferida ao mercado da aviação, sobretudo na aviação comercial, ao longo das últimas décadas. Com base nesta constatação, vê-se como iminente a necessidade da intervenção do Direito Penal para regular condutas que possam ofender ou expor a grave perigo, os mais diversos bens jurídicos envolvidos nesta relação. Partindo disso, tem-se como principal foco neste estudo, a atenção que vem sendo dada neste meio, aos bens jurídicos mais valiosos tutelados pela legislação penal brasileira: a vida, a integridade e a incolumidade pública. Dentre as condutas tipificadas como crimes aeronáuticos, que carregam consigo o maior nível de gravidade e risco, estão os atentados contra a segurança do transporte aéreo, condutas estas que se aproveitam da situação de alta vulnerabilidade, tanto da vítima, no caso, passageiros e tripulação, quanto do instrumento utilizado para o crime, o avião, para assegurar a execução e a consumação do delito. A análise destes ilícitos penais tem por base não somente a efetiva tipificação de suas condutas como crime no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, cominando portanto penas, o que ressalta seu aspecto sancionador, mas também na responsabilidade que vem sendo assumida por diversos órgãos e entidades governamentais especializadas na coordenação, gerenciamento, normatização e supervisão das atividades de aviação civil e tráfego aéreo, que sem sombra de dúvidas, vêm contribuindo fortemente no aspecto preventivo destes ilícitos, estabelecendo definições técnicas, regras e procedimentos específicos a serem seguidos pelos profissionais envolvidos com esta atividade, neste tipo de situação; o que torna ambas responsáveis pela diminuição abrupta de suas ocorrências no espaço aéreo e aeronaves brasileiras, entre os séculos XX e XXI, estendendo-se aos dias atuais, reafirmando os princípios da intervenção mínima e da fragmentariedade do direito penal.
In the last year of 2018, only among national airlines, 102.4 million people made use of aircraft as a means of transportation; record number, which adds to the importance that has been given to the aviation market, especially in commercial aviation, over the last decades. Based on this finding, it is imminent the need for the intervention of criminal law to regulate conduct that may offend or expose to serious danger, the various legal assets involved in this relationship. From this, the main focus of this study is the attention that has been given in this environment to the most valuable legal assets protected by the Brazilian criminal law: life, integrity and public safety. Among the conduct described as aviation crimes, which carry the highest level of seriousness and risk, are the attacks on the safety of air transport, which take advantage of the highly vulnerable situation of both the victim, in this case, passengers and crew. , as well as the instrument used for the crime, the airplane, to ensure the execution and consummation of the offense. The analysis of these criminal offenses is based not only on the effective characterization of their conduct as a crime in the Brazilian legal system, thus leading to penalties, which highlights their sanctioning aspect, but also on the responsibility that has been assumed by various government agencies and entities specialized in the Coordination, management, standardization and supervision of civil aviation and air traffic activities, which have undoubtedly contributed greatly to the preventive aspect of these offenses, establishing technical definitions, rules and specific procedures to be followed by the professionals involved in this activity. type of situation; This makes them both responsible for the abrupt decrease in their occurrences in Brazilian airspace and aircraft between the 20th and 21st centuries, extending to the present day, reaffirming the principles of minimum intervention and the fragmentation of criminal law.
In the last year of 2018, only among national airlines, 102.4 million people made use of aircraft as a means of transportation; record number, which adds to the importance that has been given to the aviation market, especially in commercial aviation, over the last decades. Based on this finding, it is imminent the need for the intervention of criminal law to regulate conduct that may offend or expose to serious danger, the various legal assets involved in this relationship. From this, the main focus of this study is the attention that has been given in this environment to the most valuable legal assets protected by the Brazilian criminal law: life, integrity and public safety. Among the conduct described as aviation crimes, which carry the highest level of seriousness and risk, are the attacks on the safety of air transport, which take advantage of the highly vulnerable situation of both the victim, in this case, passengers and crew. , as well as the instrument used for the crime, the airplane, to ensure the execution and consummation of the offense. The analysis of these criminal offenses is based not only on the effective characterization of their conduct as a crime in the Brazilian legal system, thus leading to penalties, which highlights their sanctioning aspect, but also on the responsibility that has been assumed by various government agencies and entities specialized in the Coordination, management, standardization and supervision of civil aviation and air traffic activities, which have undoubtedly contributed greatly to the preventive aspect of these offenses, establishing technical definitions, rules and specific procedures to be followed by the professionals involved in this activity. type of situation; This makes them both responsible for the abrupt decrease in their occurrences in Brazilian airspace and aircraft between the 20th and 21st centuries, extending to the present day, reaffirming the principles of minimum intervention and the fragmentation of criminal law.
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Palavras-chave
atentado contra a segurança do transporte aéreo , aviação civil , crimes aeronáuticos. , direito penal , air transport safety attack , civil aviation , aeronautical crimes , criminal law