Ecocídio, genocidio indigena, e tribunal penal internacional: relação entre os crimes e sua importância
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2024-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Tasca, Juliana Robles
Orientador
Pereira, Flávio de Leão Bastos
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
Programa
Resumo
Os problemas ambientais são complexos e envolvem uma dinâmica do cenário global com o
local do fato, e vice-versa. As consequências da degradação ambiental põem a sobrevivência
das comunidades indígenas em risco e compromete o bem-estar dos presentes e futuras
gerações, o que alarma a necessidade de ações por parte dos Estados e das sociedades. Aqui
analisaremos como os povos originários brasileiros são os mais afetados pela degradação
ambiental e que, ao mesmo tempo, são os principais preservadores do bem-estar ecossistêmico
no mundo. O presente trabalho parte da reflexão que os crimes de Genocídio e Ecocídio são
intrinsecamente ligados, porém esse último não pode mais ser visto como um subproduto.
Ainda, será colocado em prova a necessidade de tratar a degradação ambiental como um crime
principal, devido a suas características transfronteiriças, devendo ser punido pelo Tribunal
Penal Internacional (TPI). Tendo como base em uma metodologia empírica documental,
realizou-se um levantamento dos acontecimentos históricos que abarcam os temas visando
entender os acontecimentos atuais, assim como estabelecer quais as definições e características
dos crimes mencionados. Uma vez estabelecido, passa-se a uma análise crítica para entender a
relação de dependência e consequências dos crimes. No momento seguinte, será exposta a
importância da criminalização do Ecocídio no âmbito internacional no TPI, considerando o
elemento gravidade do estatuto de Roma. A pesquisa visa contribuir para o debate acadêmico
sobre Direito Internacional e Ambiental, trazendo novas perspectivas sobre a criminalização do
Ecocídio e a importância da proteção jurídica da natureza e da humanidade no cenário global
Environmental problems are complex and involve a dynamic between the global scenario and the local situation, and vice versa. The consequences of environmental degradation put the survival of indigenous communities at risk and jeopardize the well-being of present and future generations, alarming about the need for action of states and societies. This paper will analyze how Brazil's indigenous peoples are the most affected by environmental degradation and, at the same time, are the main preservers of ecosystem well-being in the world. This paper posits that the crimes of genocide and ecocide are inherently linked, but ecocide is no longer perceived as a mere byproduct. It will also examine the necessity of treating environmental degradation as a primary crime due to its transnational nature and the need for it to be punished by the International Criminal Court (ICC). An empirical documentary methodology was employed to conduct a survey of historical events covering the themes to understand current events, as well as to establish the definitions and characteristics of the crimes mentioned. Once this has been established, a critical analysis was conducted to understand the relationship of dependence and consequences of the crimes. Finally, the importance of the criminalization of ecocide at the ICC will be exposed, considering the gravity element of the Rome Statute. The research contributes to the academic debate on international and environmental law, offering new perspectives on the criminalization of ecocide and the importance of legal protection for nature and humanity on the global stage.
Environmental problems are complex and involve a dynamic between the global scenario and the local situation, and vice versa. The consequences of environmental degradation put the survival of indigenous communities at risk and jeopardize the well-being of present and future generations, alarming about the need for action of states and societies. This paper will analyze how Brazil's indigenous peoples are the most affected by environmental degradation and, at the same time, are the main preservers of ecosystem well-being in the world. This paper posits that the crimes of genocide and ecocide are inherently linked, but ecocide is no longer perceived as a mere byproduct. It will also examine the necessity of treating environmental degradation as a primary crime due to its transnational nature and the need for it to be punished by the International Criminal Court (ICC). An empirical documentary methodology was employed to conduct a survey of historical events covering the themes to understand current events, as well as to establish the definitions and characteristics of the crimes mentioned. Once this has been established, a critical analysis was conducted to understand the relationship of dependence and consequences of the crimes. Finally, the importance of the criminalization of ecocide at the ICC will be exposed, considering the gravity element of the Rome Statute. The research contributes to the academic debate on international and environmental law, offering new perspectives on the criminalization of ecocide and the importance of legal protection for nature and humanity on the global stage.
Descrição
Trabalho indicado pela banca examinadora ao Prêmio TCC
Palavras-chave
genocídio , ecocídio , Tribunal Penal Internacional , genocide , ecocide , International Criminal Court