O uso de rôbos em campanhas eleitorais na internet: mapa normativo e jurisprudência
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2019-11
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Santos, Vanessa Portes dos
Orientador
Moreira, Diogo Rais Rodrigues
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ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
Este trabalho busca contribuir para a compreensão de como se dá o emprego de robôs em campanhas eleitorais no ambiente digital, realizando um mapeamento normativo e a análise da jurisprudência para elucidar como a legislação eleitoral recepciona e regula o uso de tais tecnologias de automação. Depois de contextualizar o crescimento da utilização de robôs em eleições no Brasil e ao redor do mundo desde 2012, este artigo se dedicou a entender o que são bots – termo em inglês amplamente divulgado na internet para designar os referidos mecanismos de automação – e como eles são usados em ambientes digitais. Para tanto, identificou e analisou três categorias de robôs segundo a sua função: criadores, impulsionadores e coletores de conteúdo. Posteriormente, no mapeamento normativo e análise de jurisprudência, constatou-se que o ordenamento jurídico eleitoral não enfrentou a problemática de forma direta e sistemática, dedicando-se somente a estabelecer contornos jurídicos para o emprego de bots em campanhas políticas, restringindo condutas e atividades que podem ou não se valer desses instrumentos. Em casos pontuais, identificou-se a necessidade de aumentar a tutela penal, criando um tipo penal e reformando alguns já existentes, de forma a adequá-los a condutas de reprovabilidade diferentes. Por fim, discutiu-se o papel dos bots na visibilidade de conteúdos eleitorais, discorrendo sobre como o uso nocivo de robôs pode ter consequências sérias para o funcionamento da democracia, atingindo a qualidade do debate público no Brasil e a regularidade dos processos eleitorais.
This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of how robots are used in election campaigns in the digital environment, conducting a normative mapping and a case law analysis to elucidate how electoral legislation welcomes and regulates the use of such automation technologies. After contextualizing the growing use of robots in elections in Brazil and around the world since 2012, this paper has been devoted to understanding what bots are – word which is a reduction of robot and is widely used on the internet to designate these automation mechanisms – and how are used in digital environments. To this end, it identified and analyzed three categories of robots according to their function: creators, boosters and content collectors. Subsequently, in the normative mapping and jurisprudence analysis, it was found that the electoral legal order did not deal with the issue directly and systematically, but only focused on establishing legal contours for the use of bots in political campaigns, restricting the conduct and activities that may or may not use these instruments. In specific cases, it was identified the need to increase the criminal protection, creating a criminal type and reforming some existing ones, in order to adapt them to different reproof conduct. Finally, it was discussed the role of bots in the visibility of electoral content, discussing how the harmful use of robots can have serious consequences for the functioning of democracy, reaching the quality of public debate in Brazil and the regularity of electoral processes.
This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of how robots are used in election campaigns in the digital environment, conducting a normative mapping and a case law analysis to elucidate how electoral legislation welcomes and regulates the use of such automation technologies. After contextualizing the growing use of robots in elections in Brazil and around the world since 2012, this paper has been devoted to understanding what bots are – word which is a reduction of robot and is widely used on the internet to designate these automation mechanisms – and how are used in digital environments. To this end, it identified and analyzed three categories of robots according to their function: creators, boosters and content collectors. Subsequently, in the normative mapping and jurisprudence analysis, it was found that the electoral legal order did not deal with the issue directly and systematically, but only focused on establishing legal contours for the use of bots in political campaigns, restricting the conduct and activities that may or may not use these instruments. In specific cases, it was identified the need to increase the criminal protection, creating a criminal type and reforming some existing ones, in order to adapt them to different reproof conduct. Finally, it was discussed the role of bots in the visibility of electoral content, discussing how the harmful use of robots can have serious consequences for the functioning of democracy, reaching the quality of public debate in Brazil and the regularity of electoral processes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
campanhas eleitorais na internet , robôs , regularidade de processos eleitorais , desinformação , democracia , election campaigns on the internet , bots , regularity of electoral processes , disinformation , democracy