O princípio da insignificância nos crimes patrimoniais do direito penal brasileiro
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2020-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Assunção, Paulo Henrique Cunha
Orientador
Aranha Filho, Adalberto José Queiroz Telles de Camargo
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Resumo
Hodiernamente, o chamado “princípio da insignificância” destaca-se como causa de
excludente de tipicidade do direito penal brasileiro, aplicado aos crimes de bagatela. Tal
princípio tem origem na Europa, ora sendo descrito como herança do Direito Romano, que
tinha o brocardo minimus non curat praetor (o pretor não cuida de coisas pequenas), ora
creditado ao Direito Alemão, que se encontrou na necessidade de relevar pequenos delitos,
diante das graves consequências sociais resultantes de duas grandes guerras mundiais. No
Brasil, o princípio, embora não seja explicitamente constitucional, é necessário para que se
adeque o Direito Penal à realidade no qual está inserido, observados outros princípios, como
a razoabilidade e a intervenção mínima. Para que se torne atípico o delito, em decorrência da
aplicação da insignificância, necessário observar a ofensividade, o grau de reprovabilidade e
a periculosidade da conduta, bem como a expressividade da lesão, ou do perigo de lesão,
causado ao bem jurídico tutelado. No direito penal brasileiro, embora tal princípio não se
encontre descrito em qualquer legislação, sua aplicação é comum, inclusive pelos tribunais
superiores. Estes mesmos tribunais têm divergido que tal princípio não pode ser aplicado ao
criminoso contumaz. No entanto, há também aqueles que entendem que, uma vez que tal
princípio não encontra amparo legal, o infrator deve ser punido independentemente da
gravidade da conduta. Por fim, importante analisar as repercussões sociais geradas pela
aplicação do princípio, para que este não seja estímulo às práticas dos crimes de bagatela.
Nowadays, the so-called “insignificance principle” stands out as a cause of exclusion of typicality of Brazilian criminal law, applied to trifle crimes. This principle has its origin in Europe, sometimes being described as a legacy of Roman Law, which had the brocade minimus non curat praetor (the praetor doesn’t take care of small things), sometimes credited to the German Law, which found itself in the need to uncover small crimes, against the serious social consequences resulting from two major world wars. In Brazil, the principle, although not explicitly constitutional, makes itself necessary in order to adapt Criminal Law to the reality in which it’s inserted, observing other principles, such as reasonableness and minimal intervention. In order for the offense to become atypical, due to the application of the insignificance, it’s necessary to observe the offense, the degree of reprobability and the dangerousness of the conduct, as well as the expressiveness of the damage, or the danger of damage, caused to the protected legal good. In Brazilian criminal law, although this principle is not described in any legislation, its application is common, including by the superior courts. These same courts have diverged that such principle cannot be applied to the stubborn criminal. However, there are also those who understand that, since this principle does not find legal support, the offender should be punished regardless of the seriousness of the conduct. Finally, it’s important to analyze the social repercussions generated by the application of the principle, so that it doesn’t stimulate the practice of the trifle crimes.
Nowadays, the so-called “insignificance principle” stands out as a cause of exclusion of typicality of Brazilian criminal law, applied to trifle crimes. This principle has its origin in Europe, sometimes being described as a legacy of Roman Law, which had the brocade minimus non curat praetor (the praetor doesn’t take care of small things), sometimes credited to the German Law, which found itself in the need to uncover small crimes, against the serious social consequences resulting from two major world wars. In Brazil, the principle, although not explicitly constitutional, makes itself necessary in order to adapt Criminal Law to the reality in which it’s inserted, observing other principles, such as reasonableness and minimal intervention. In order for the offense to become atypical, due to the application of the insignificance, it’s necessary to observe the offense, the degree of reprobability and the dangerousness of the conduct, as well as the expressiveness of the damage, or the danger of damage, caused to the protected legal good. In Brazilian criminal law, although this principle is not described in any legislation, its application is common, including by the superior courts. These same courts have diverged that such principle cannot be applied to the stubborn criminal. However, there are also those who understand that, since this principle does not find legal support, the offender should be punished regardless of the seriousness of the conduct. Finally, it’s important to analyze the social repercussions generated by the application of the principle, so that it doesn’t stimulate the practice of the trifle crimes.
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Palavras-chave
direito penal , princípio da insignificância , excludente de tipicidade , criminal law , principle of insignificance , excluding typicality