Ativismo e a eficiência da administração pública: discricionariedade administrativa e novos parâmetros interpretativos no direito público
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2020-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Pereira, Mathias Mueller
Orientador
Nohara, Irene Patrícia
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
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Resumo
Com a Constituição Federal de 1988, o Poder Judiciário passou a ocupar um lugar sem
precedentes no campo social e político, enquanto grande protetor da efetivação dos direitos
fundamentais (os quais ganharam acentuada centralidade) e dos princípios e valores
constitucionais. Com isso, uma série de questões que, no passado, eram analisadas
exclusivamente ou majoritariamente por entes pertencentes a outros Poderes (Legislativo e
Executivo) passaram a ser submetidas ao amplo crivo do Judiciário. Ainda, observa-se que
não apenas o Judiciário, mas também outros órgãos encarregados do controle externo da
Administração Pública, a exemplo dos Tribunais de Contas, tiveram suas competências
ampliadas pela Constituição Federal, no afã de garantir a boa condução das políticas públicas
em seu aspecto substantivo e financeiro, orçamentário e contábil. Tal realidade, somada a
profusão de normas de conteúdo aberto e à preponderância crescente de valores e princípios
nas decisões, tem permitido a atuação expansiva dos órgãos de controle externo,
eventualmente indo além dos limites fixados expressamente por normas jurídicas, o que,
segundo os críticos, revela uma conduta ativista que traz o ônus da insegurança jurídica na
fiscalização dos atos dos entes controlados. Diante disso, passou-se a questionar os atuais
limites da separação de Poderes, isto é, até que ponto podem os órgãos de controle externo
interferir nas atribuições da Administração Pública a pretexto de exercer o controle, ou até que
ponto deve o gestor, nos casos previstos pela norma, exercer com relativa liberdade seus atos
discricionários, sob pena da imprevisibilidade do controle contribuir para a redução da
eficiência administrativa, prejudicando a atuação criativa/inovadora do gestor diante do
elevado risco de responsabilização pessoal. Nessa senda, o presente estudo objetiva ponderar
sobre as relações entre os gestores públicos e os órgãos de controle externo em um cenário
potencialmente marcado pelo ativismo, bem como suas consequências sobre a atuação da
Administração Pública (eficiência administrativa). Ainda, considerará, de forma crítica, as
contribuições trazidas pela Lei nº 13.655/2018, que alterou a Lei de Introdução às Normas do
Direito Brasileiro (LINDB) para o fim de fortalecer a segurança jurídica na aplicação do
Direito Público, notadamente no cenário do controle da Administração Pública. A
metodologia adotada será a de análise documental, revisão bibliográfica e análise de
precedentes exemplificativos, na esfera do método hipotético-dedutivo.
The emergency of the Federal Constitution of 1988, led Judiciary Power to occupy an unprecedented place in social and political field, as a great protector of the implementation of fundamental rights (which gained accentuated centrality) and constitutional principles and values. With this, a series of questions that, in the past, were analyzed exclusively or mostly by entities belonging to other Powers (Legislative and Executive) started to be subjected to the wide scrutiny of the Judiciary Power. Still, it is observed that not only the Judiciary, but also other entities in charge of external control of the Public Administration, such as the Courts of Accounts, had their powers expanded by the 1988 Federal Constitution, in order to guarantee a good conduction of public policies in their substantive and financial, budgetary and accounting aspects. Such reality, added to the profusion of open content standards and the growing preponderance of values and principles in decisions, has allowed the expansive performance of external control entities, eventually going beyond the limits expressly set by legal rules, which, according to critics, reveals an activist conduct that carries the burden of legal uncertainty in the inspection of the acts of the controlled entities. As a result, the current limits of the Separation of Powers began to be questioned, that is, the extent to which external control entities can interfere in the attributions of Public Administration under the pretext of exercising control, or to what extent should the managed, in situations provided by the rule of law, exercise their discretionary acts with relative freedom, under penalty of the unpredictability of control contribute to the reduction of administrative efficiency, impairing the creative / innovative performance of the manager before the high risk of personal accountability. Along this path, the present study aims to consider the relationship between public managers and external control entities in a field potentially marked by activism, as well as its consequences on the performance of Public Administration (administrative efficiency). It will also critically consider the contributions brought by Law No. 13.655 / 2018, which amended the Law of Introduction to the Rules of Brazilian Law (LINDB) in order to strengthen legal security in the application of Public Law, especially in the context of Public Administration control. The methodology adopted will be the document analysis, bibliographic review and analysis of exemplary precedents, in the sphere of hypotheticaldeductive method.
The emergency of the Federal Constitution of 1988, led Judiciary Power to occupy an unprecedented place in social and political field, as a great protector of the implementation of fundamental rights (which gained accentuated centrality) and constitutional principles and values. With this, a series of questions that, in the past, were analyzed exclusively or mostly by entities belonging to other Powers (Legislative and Executive) started to be subjected to the wide scrutiny of the Judiciary Power. Still, it is observed that not only the Judiciary, but also other entities in charge of external control of the Public Administration, such as the Courts of Accounts, had their powers expanded by the 1988 Federal Constitution, in order to guarantee a good conduction of public policies in their substantive and financial, budgetary and accounting aspects. Such reality, added to the profusion of open content standards and the growing preponderance of values and principles in decisions, has allowed the expansive performance of external control entities, eventually going beyond the limits expressly set by legal rules, which, according to critics, reveals an activist conduct that carries the burden of legal uncertainty in the inspection of the acts of the controlled entities. As a result, the current limits of the Separation of Powers began to be questioned, that is, the extent to which external control entities can interfere in the attributions of Public Administration under the pretext of exercising control, or to what extent should the managed, in situations provided by the rule of law, exercise their discretionary acts with relative freedom, under penalty of the unpredictability of control contribute to the reduction of administrative efficiency, impairing the creative / innovative performance of the manager before the high risk of personal accountability. Along this path, the present study aims to consider the relationship between public managers and external control entities in a field potentially marked by activism, as well as its consequences on the performance of Public Administration (administrative efficiency). It will also critically consider the contributions brought by Law No. 13.655 / 2018, which amended the Law of Introduction to the Rules of Brazilian Law (LINDB) in order to strengthen legal security in the application of Public Law, especially in the context of Public Administration control. The methodology adopted will be the document analysis, bibliographic review and analysis of exemplary precedents, in the sphere of hypotheticaldeductive method.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
ativismo , controle externo , discricionariedade , eficiência , activism , external control , discretion , efficiency