Interferência das fake news na democracia
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2021-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Pereira, Gabriella André Marques
Orientador
Dallari Júnior, Hélcio de Abreu
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
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Resumo
O presente escrito tem o objetivo de analisar a suposta interferência das fake news na atual democracia, além de verificar se a liberdade de expressão, direito fundamental afetado com a possível repressão das fake news, deve ter primazia à democracia, caso haja interferência. A temática é relevante para a comunidade acadêmica, na medida em que pode haver conflito na criação e transmissão de fake news, cujo valor é a liberdade de expressão, e a democracia, princípio fundamental do Estado Democrático de Direito. O trabalho se propõe a provar que as fakes news são um empecilho para a vigência da democracia e, de modo secundário, que a liberdade de expressão não deve ser observada como um direito absoluto, o que possibilita a prevalência da democracia e, então, da limitação das fake news, a qual deve ser excepcional e em resposta a um dano específico. O lapso temporal utilizado é o período das últimas duas campanhas políticas no Brasil, os anos 2018 a 2020, já que a breve observação dos pleitos será utilizada como termômetro para a democracia e o impacto das fake news. Para desenvolver a abordagem pretendida, utiliza-se como metodologia de pesquisa o modo dedutivo e a pesquisa bibliográfica, além de fontes do Direito e a artigos da mídia. Estruturalmente, o trabalho foi dividido em cinco seções. Na primeira seção, será abordado a definição de fake news e os fatores que indicam a razão para que o fenômeno seja considerado recente na história da comunicação humana. Após, o enfoque será a conceituação de democracia. Será abordada a relevância da democracia como princípio para o Estado Democrático de Direito, de modo a compreender como ela é alicerce para o restante do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e entender sua estruturação no pensamento brasileiro atual. Então, será vocalizado o principal direito afetado com a limitação da divulgação das fake news, a liberdade de expressão. Dessa forma, será estudado a noção abarcada pelo direito e delimitado o seu alcance, de acordo com as teorias do direito norte americano e brasileiro, o que possibilitará relacionar as fake news com o direito de expressão. Por fim, o trabalho tem a pretensão de demonstrar como as fake news podem ser um risco para a vigência da democracia, tendo como base matérias de periódicos e artigos acadêmicos das eleições de 2018 e 2020, e demonstrar o impacto nos pleitos, apesar dos esforços do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral e de diversas agências de checagens e instituições civis.
The present paper intends to analyze the supposed interference of fake news in the current democracy, in addition to verify if freedom of speech, the fundamental right affected by the possible repression of fake news, must prevail over democracy, if there is a intereference. This theme is relevant to the academic community, as there may be conflic in the creation and transmission of fake news, whose value is freedom of expression, and democracy, fundamental principle of the Democratic State of Law. This work aims to prove that fake news is an obstacle to the validity of democracy and, secondarily, that freedom of expression should not be observed as an absolute right, which enables the prevalence of democracy and, therefore, the limitation of fake news must be exceptional and in response to specific damage. The time lapse used is the period of the last two political campaigns in Brazil, from 2018 to 2020, since the brief observation of the elections will be used as a thermometer for democracy and the impact of fake news. In order to develop the intended approach, the deductive mode and bibliographical research are used as research methodology, in addition to sources of Law and articles from the media. Structurally, this paper was divided into five sections. In the first section, the definition of fake news and the factors that indicate why the phenomenon is considered recent in the history of human communication will be addressed. Afterwards, the focus will be on the concept of democracy. The relevance of democracy as a principle for the Democratic State of Law will be addressed, in order to understand how it is the foundation for the rest of the Brazilian legal system and to understand its structure in the current Brazilian thought. Then, the main right affected by limitation of the dissemination of fake news, the freedom of expression. Therefore, the notion embraced by this right will be studied and its scope delimited, according to the theories of United States of America and Brazilian law, which will make it possible to relate fake news with freedom of expression. Finally, the work intends to demonstrate how fake news can be a risk to the validity of democracy, based on periodicals and academical articles from the 2018 and 2020 elections, and their impact on the elections, despite the efforts of the Superior Electoral Court and several checking agencies and civil institutions.
The present paper intends to analyze the supposed interference of fake news in the current democracy, in addition to verify if freedom of speech, the fundamental right affected by the possible repression of fake news, must prevail over democracy, if there is a intereference. This theme is relevant to the academic community, as there may be conflic in the creation and transmission of fake news, whose value is freedom of expression, and democracy, fundamental principle of the Democratic State of Law. This work aims to prove that fake news is an obstacle to the validity of democracy and, secondarily, that freedom of expression should not be observed as an absolute right, which enables the prevalence of democracy and, therefore, the limitation of fake news must be exceptional and in response to specific damage. The time lapse used is the period of the last two political campaigns in Brazil, from 2018 to 2020, since the brief observation of the elections will be used as a thermometer for democracy and the impact of fake news. In order to develop the intended approach, the deductive mode and bibliographical research are used as research methodology, in addition to sources of Law and articles from the media. Structurally, this paper was divided into five sections. In the first section, the definition of fake news and the factors that indicate why the phenomenon is considered recent in the history of human communication will be addressed. Afterwards, the focus will be on the concept of democracy. The relevance of democracy as a principle for the Democratic State of Law will be addressed, in order to understand how it is the foundation for the rest of the Brazilian legal system and to understand its structure in the current Brazilian thought. Then, the main right affected by limitation of the dissemination of fake news, the freedom of expression. Therefore, the notion embraced by this right will be studied and its scope delimited, according to the theories of United States of America and Brazilian law, which will make it possible to relate fake news with freedom of expression. Finally, the work intends to demonstrate how fake news can be a risk to the validity of democracy, based on periodicals and academical articles from the 2018 and 2020 elections, and their impact on the elections, despite the efforts of the Superior Electoral Court and several checking agencies and civil institutions.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
direito constitucional , fake news , democracia , direito de expressão , constitutional law , democracy , freedom of speech