O caráter punitivo dos danos morais
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2019-11
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Maluly, Isabela Moreira
Orientador
Junior, Hamid Charaf Bdine
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
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Resumo
Os danos morais, enquanto ofensas aos direitos da personalidade, tais como a honra, a imagem e a privacidade, têm natureza extrapatrimonial e, portanto, não possuem equivalente econômico. Surgiu, então, a dificuldade em valorar as indenizações por danos morais, o que levou à fixação, pela jurisprudência, de alguns critérios como a extensão do dano, o grau de culpa do agente, a capacidade econômica do ofensor, entre outros. Um dos elementos utilizados para a majoração das indenizações é o caráter punitivo que compõe os danos morais, critério de aplicação ainda controversa, mas largamente utilizado pelos Tribunais pátrios. Este consiste em um acréscimo ao valor da indenização com o fito de punir o agente causador do dano e servir de exemplo para que a conduta danosa não se repita, com inspiração nos punitive damages norte americanos. Daí as outras denominações para o mesmo critério: caráter pedagógico, inibitório, ou desestimulador. Enquanto grande parte dos juristas enxerga no instituto, de forma clara, o seu duplo caráter (compensatório-punitivo), parte possui ressalvas contra a sua utilização com a finalidade de punir sob os argumentos de, entre outros, enriquecimento ilícito da parte lesada e violação ao princípio da legalidade. Todavia, diante da vaga previsão legal acerca do assunto, restou inevitável a substituição da disciplina legal por precedentes jurisprudenciais já consolidados, revelando uma necessidade urgente de positivação do instituto em observância às características do civil law.
Libel and slander or pain and suffering damages, as offenses against personality rights such as honor, image and privacy, have off-balance sheet nature and therefore have no economic equivalent. Then emerged the difficulty in valuing the compensation for moral damages, which led to the establishment, by case law, of certain criteria such as the extent of damage, the degree of guilt of the agent, the economic capacity of the offender, among others. One of the elements used for increasing indemnities is the punitive feature that composes the moral damages, a still controversial application criterion, but widely used by the national courts. This would be an addition to the value of the indemnity for the purpose of punishing the causative agent of harm and serving as an example so that the misconduct is not repeated, inspired by the punitive damages in North America. Hence the other denominations for the same criterion: pedagogical, inhibitory, or discouraging feature. While most jurists clearly see in the institute its dual character (compensatory-punitive), some have reservations against its use in order to punish on the grounds of, among others, illicit enrichment of the injured party and violation to the principle of legality. However, in view of the vague legal provision on the subject, the replacement of legal discipline with precedent already established remained unavoidable, revealing an urgent need for the institute to be positive in compliance with the characteristics of civil law.
Libel and slander or pain and suffering damages, as offenses against personality rights such as honor, image and privacy, have off-balance sheet nature and therefore have no economic equivalent. Then emerged the difficulty in valuing the compensation for moral damages, which led to the establishment, by case law, of certain criteria such as the extent of damage, the degree of guilt of the agent, the economic capacity of the offender, among others. One of the elements used for increasing indemnities is the punitive feature that composes the moral damages, a still controversial application criterion, but widely used by the national courts. This would be an addition to the value of the indemnity for the purpose of punishing the causative agent of harm and serving as an example so that the misconduct is not repeated, inspired by the punitive damages in North America. Hence the other denominations for the same criterion: pedagogical, inhibitory, or discouraging feature. While most jurists clearly see in the institute its dual character (compensatory-punitive), some have reservations against its use in order to punish on the grounds of, among others, illicit enrichment of the injured party and violation to the principle of legality. However, in view of the vague legal provision on the subject, the replacement of legal discipline with precedent already established remained unavoidable, revealing an urgent need for the institute to be positive in compliance with the characteristics of civil law.
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Palavras-chave
danos morais , critérios de fixação , caráter punitivo , punitive damages , damages , punitive feature , punitive damages , fixation criteria