A jurisdição do Tribunal Penal Internacional sobre nacionais de estado não-parte do estatuto de Roma: fundamentos e dilemas no direito internacional penal
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TCC
Date
2020-12
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Authors
Fernandes, Catarina Rosa
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Medeiros, Thamara Duarte Cunha
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Abstract
Este trabalho apresenta como tema central o estudo das situações em que o TPI pode exercer
jurisdição sobre indivíduos nacionais de Estados não-parte do Estatuto de Roma, visando
esclarecer seus fundamentos e seus dilemas em face do direito internacional penal. Quanto à
metodologia, utilizou-se da pesquisa básica, com o objetivo descritivo, abordagem qualitativa,
método hipotético-dedutivo, com o procedimento bibliográfico e documental. Inicialmente, são
tecidas algumas considerações introdutórias com o objetivo de fornecer uma visão geral sobre
a evolução do direito internacional penal, como ramo do direito internacional público. Em
seguida, há a exposição de uma espécie de “linha do tempo” a respeito do processo internacional
criminal, por meio de uma breve contextualização dos antecedentes históricos para a criação do
TP, seguida pelo estudo do Estatuto de Roma, sendo descritos os aspectos jurisdicionais, com
enfoque em cada um dos casos em que o TPI pode exercer jurisdição sobre nacionais de Estados
não-parte. Em primeiro lugar, há a análise das situações em que o procedimento é iniciado pelo
Conselho de Segurança da ONU, prevista no art. 13º, b, do Estatuto, espécie de jurisdição
“universal”. Em segundo lugar, analisam-se onde o procedimento é iniciado por algum Estado parte ou ex officcio pelo Procurador. Assim, diante das lacunas de impunidade existentes nas
situações acima, busca-se compreender a ligação da doutrina da Jurisdição Universal, pautada
no reconhecimento da ligação desta com a natureza e gravidade dos crimes de competência do
Tribunal, os core international crimes, como normas jus cogens, com obrigação erga omnes
perante a comunidade internacional. Por fim, a partir deste estudo, entendeu-se pela extrema
importância do preenchimento das lacunas de impunidade na luta contra a criminalidade, com
o necessário amadurecimento do direito internacional penal, assim como de seus conceitos, para
que, o TPI alcance, na prática, os seus objetivos de punir os acusados de cometimento dos
crimes mais graves para o direito internacional.
This work presents as a central theme the study of the situations in which the ICC can exercise its jurisdiction over individuals who are nationals of Non-Party States of the Rome Statute, aiming to clarify the legal basis and the dilemmas in the face of international criminal law. As for the methodology, basic research was used, with the descriptive objective, qualitative approach, hypothetical-deductive method, with the bibliographic and documentary procedure. Initially, some opening remarks are made in order to provide an overview of the evolution of international criminal law, as a branch of public international law. Then, there is the presentation of a “timeline” regarding the international criminal process, through a brief contextualization of the historical background to the creation of the ICC, followed by the study of the Rome Statute, with jurisdictional aspects being described, focusing on each of the cases in which the ICC can exercise jurisdiction over nationals of Non-Party States. Firstly, an analysis was made upon the cases where the procedure is triggered by the Security Council, UN, according to article 13º, b), of the Statute, being considered as “universal” jurisdiction kind. Secondly, it is analyzed the situations in which the procedure is triggered by some State party or ex officcio by the Prosecutor. Thus, according to the gaps in impunity that exist in the situations above, is aimed to understand the connection of the doctrine of Universal Jurisdiction, based on the recognition of its connection with the nature and gravity of the crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court, the core international crimes, as jus cogens norms, with an erga omnes obligations before the international community. Finally, from this study, it was understood by the extreme importance in filling the impunity gaps upon the fight against crime, with the necessary development of international criminal law, as well as its concepts, so that the ICC could reaches, in practice, its objectives of punishing those accused committing the most serious crimes under international law.
This work presents as a central theme the study of the situations in which the ICC can exercise its jurisdiction over individuals who are nationals of Non-Party States of the Rome Statute, aiming to clarify the legal basis and the dilemmas in the face of international criminal law. As for the methodology, basic research was used, with the descriptive objective, qualitative approach, hypothetical-deductive method, with the bibliographic and documentary procedure. Initially, some opening remarks are made in order to provide an overview of the evolution of international criminal law, as a branch of public international law. Then, there is the presentation of a “timeline” regarding the international criminal process, through a brief contextualization of the historical background to the creation of the ICC, followed by the study of the Rome Statute, with jurisdictional aspects being described, focusing on each of the cases in which the ICC can exercise jurisdiction over nationals of Non-Party States. Firstly, an analysis was made upon the cases where the procedure is triggered by the Security Council, UN, according to article 13º, b), of the Statute, being considered as “universal” jurisdiction kind. Secondly, it is analyzed the situations in which the procedure is triggered by some State party or ex officcio by the Prosecutor. Thus, according to the gaps in impunity that exist in the situations above, is aimed to understand the connection of the doctrine of Universal Jurisdiction, based on the recognition of its connection with the nature and gravity of the crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court, the core international crimes, as jus cogens norms, with an erga omnes obligations before the international community. Finally, from this study, it was understood by the extreme importance in filling the impunity gaps upon the fight against crime, with the necessary development of international criminal law, as well as its concepts, so that the ICC could reaches, in practice, its objectives of punishing those accused committing the most serious crimes under international law.
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Keywords
tribunal penal internacional , direito internacional penal , jurisdição , princípio da universalidade , international criminal court , international criminal law , jurisdiction , universality principle