Caracterização do microbioma intestinal em crianças com transtorno do espectro autista: implicações na função gastrointestinal, metabólica e comportamental
Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2024-06-13
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Silva, Guilherme Prestes da
Noguchi, Juliana Fontes
Noguchi, Juliana Fontes
Orientador
Wormsbecker, Lya Regina Mikami
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
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Resumo
INTRODUÇÃO: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um distúrbio neurológico que afeta a comunicação, interação social e o comportamento, entre outros aspectos. Recentemente, a correlação entre a microbiota intestinal e o TEA tem ganhado destaque devido estudos relatando uma conexão bidirecional entre o intestino e o cérebro. Analisar o microbioma intestinal em pacientes com TEA pode permitir a identificação de possíveis marcadores e esclarecer sua composição, especialmente na população brasileira. OBJETIVOS: Caracterizar o microbioma intestinal de pacientes com TEA em comparação com controles neurotípicos (irmãos), para identificar possíveis diferenças na composição da microbiota associadas a variáveis, como dieta, distúrbios gastrointestinais e comportamentais. METODOLOGIA: Entre setembro de 2023 e março de 2024, foram coletados dados e amostras de fezes de 36 crianças, divididas em dois grupos: crianças com TEA e seus irmãos neurotípicos. As amostras foram processadas e analisadas por sequenciamento de próxima geração. Além disso, foram aplicados questionários comportamentais e de dados gerais para avaliar a dieta, o comportamento ao se alimentar e o perfil clínico. RESULTADOS: No grupo de crianças com TEA, 88,89% eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 6,78 anos, com comorbidades presentes em 66,67%. Em comparação, no grupo neurotípico, 33,33% eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 8,72 anos, e 11,11% apresentavam comorbidades. Além disso, 44,44% e 33,33% das crianças com TEA e grupo neurotípico, respectivamente, apresentaram alergias, em uma associação significativa (p-valor < 0,05) com o gênero Blautia. A análise revelou que o filo Verrucomicrobiota e o gênero Agathobacter apresentaram abundância relativa maior nos neurotípicos (p-valor < 0,05). A avaliação dos distúrbios gastrointestinais indicou maior prevalência de constipação e náuseas associado a uma abundância relativa menor do filo Verrucomicrobiota. As dietas não mostraram diferença entre os grupos, mas fatores comportamentais ao se alimentar, como a motricidade na mastigação e habilidades nas refeições, apresentaram diferenças significativas (p-valor < 0,05) entre os grupos, assim como uma seletividade alimentar significativa (p-valor <0,05) em crianças com TEA. DISCUSSÃO: A metodologia escolhida impacta os resultados das pesquisas sobre a microbiota intestinal em crianças com TEA. Para garantir resultados precisos e realistas, é necessário usar protocolos padronizados na análise e coleta de dados. Embora a relação causal entre comportamento, padrões alimentares, sintomas gastrointestinais e o microbioma ainda não seja clara, identificar alterações no microbioma é uma ferramenta valiosa para identificação de marcadores biológicos e tratamentos personalizados. CONCLUSÃO: Alterações específicas no microbioma intestinal foram identificadas entre os dois grupos, com destaque para a menor abundância relativa do filo Verrucomicrobiota em crianças com TEA quando comparados com seus irmãos neurotípicos. Além disso, fatores de comportamento ao se alimentar e seletividade alimentar apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos (p-valor < 0,05).
INTRODUCTION: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that affects communication, social interaction, behavior, among other aspects. Recently, the correlation between the gut microbiota and ASD has gained prominence due to studies reporting a bidirectional connection between the gut and the brain. Analyzing the gut microbiome in patients with ASD may allow the identification of potential markers and clarify its composition, especially in the Brazilian population. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the gut microbiome of patients with ASD in comparison with neurotypical controls (siblings), to identify possible differences in microbiota composition associated with variables such as diet, gastrointestinal, and behavioral disorders. METHODOLOGY: Between September 2023 and March 2024, data and stool samples were collected from 36 children, divided into two groups: children with ASD and their neurotypical siblings. The samples were processed and analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Additionally, behavioral and general data questionnaires were applied to assess diet, eating behavior, and clinical profile. RESULTS: In the group of children with ASD, 88.89% were male, with an average age of 6.78 years, with comorbidities present in 66.67%. In comparison, in the neurotypical group, 33.33% were male, with an average age of 8.72 years, and 11.11% had comorbidities. Additionally, 44.44% and 33.33% of children with ASD and the neurotypical group, respectively, presented allergies, in a significant association (p-value < 0.05) with the genus Blautia. The analysis revealed that the phylum Verrucomicrobiota and the genus Agathobacter had a higher relative abundance in neurotypicals (p-value < 0.05). The evaluation of gastrointestinal disorders indicated a higher prevalence of constipation and nausea associated with a lower relative abundance of the phylum Verrucomicrobiota. The diets showed no difference between the groups, but behavioral factors while eating, such as chewing motricity and mealtime skills, showed significant differences (p-value < 0.05) between the groups, as well as significant food selectivity (p-value < 0.05) in children with ASD. DISCUSSION: The chosen methodology impacts the results of research on the gut microbiota in children with ASD. To ensure accurate and realistic results, it is necessary to use standardized protocols in data analysis and collection. Although the causal relationship between behavior, eating patterns, gastrointestinal symptoms, and the microbiome is not yet clear, identifying changes in the microbiome is a valuable tool for identifying biological markers and personalized treatments. CONCLUSION: Specific changes in the gut microbiome were identified between the two groups, with a highlight on the lower relative abundance of the phylum Verrucomicrobiota in children with ASD when compared to their neurotypical siblings. Additionally, eating behavior factors and food selectivity showed significant differences between the groups (p-value < 0.05).
INTRODUCTION: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that affects communication, social interaction, behavior, among other aspects. Recently, the correlation between the gut microbiota and ASD has gained prominence due to studies reporting a bidirectional connection between the gut and the brain. Analyzing the gut microbiome in patients with ASD may allow the identification of potential markers and clarify its composition, especially in the Brazilian population. OBJECTIVES: To characterize the gut microbiome of patients with ASD in comparison with neurotypical controls (siblings), to identify possible differences in microbiota composition associated with variables such as diet, gastrointestinal, and behavioral disorders. METHODOLOGY: Between September 2023 and March 2024, data and stool samples were collected from 36 children, divided into two groups: children with ASD and their neurotypical siblings. The samples were processed and analyzed by next-generation sequencing. Additionally, behavioral and general data questionnaires were applied to assess diet, eating behavior, and clinical profile. RESULTS: In the group of children with ASD, 88.89% were male, with an average age of 6.78 years, with comorbidities present in 66.67%. In comparison, in the neurotypical group, 33.33% were male, with an average age of 8.72 years, and 11.11% had comorbidities. Additionally, 44.44% and 33.33% of children with ASD and the neurotypical group, respectively, presented allergies, in a significant association (p-value < 0.05) with the genus Blautia. The analysis revealed that the phylum Verrucomicrobiota and the genus Agathobacter had a higher relative abundance in neurotypicals (p-value < 0.05). The evaluation of gastrointestinal disorders indicated a higher prevalence of constipation and nausea associated with a lower relative abundance of the phylum Verrucomicrobiota. The diets showed no difference between the groups, but behavioral factors while eating, such as chewing motricity and mealtime skills, showed significant differences (p-value < 0.05) between the groups, as well as significant food selectivity (p-value < 0.05) in children with ASD. DISCUSSION: The chosen methodology impacts the results of research on the gut microbiota in children with ASD. To ensure accurate and realistic results, it is necessary to use standardized protocols in data analysis and collection. Although the causal relationship between behavior, eating patterns, gastrointestinal symptoms, and the microbiome is not yet clear, identifying changes in the microbiome is a valuable tool for identifying biological markers and personalized treatments. CONCLUSION: Specific changes in the gut microbiome were identified between the two groups, with a highlight on the lower relative abundance of the phylum Verrucomicrobiota in children with ASD when compared to their neurotypical siblings. Additionally, eating behavior factors and food selectivity showed significant differences between the groups (p-value < 0.05).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
disbiose , microbioma gastrointestinal , autismo , dysbiosis , gastrointestinal microbiome , autism