Eutanásia: o direito à vida sob a perspectiva da dignidade da pessoa humana
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2023-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Cutieri, Bianca Andrade
Orientador
Santos, Marco Aurélio Moura dos
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
O presente estudo tem como tema a eutanásia e sua relação com o direito à vida, sob a
perspectiva da dignidade da pessoa humana em território brasileiro, dispondo como objetivo
compreender como contrabalancear a dignidade com o direito à vida e com a eutanásia, bem
como entender se a prática da eutanásia configuraria uma expressa violação constitucional ou
se, ao contrário, poderia deter respaldo na Carta Magna, através dos direitos e princípios por
ela consagrados. Para tanto, o estudo utiliza como método de investigação a pesquisa
bibliográfica, valendo-se de obras e artigos científicos de renomados autores. A partir dessas
fontes, é possível constatar que o direito à vida, imbuído no art. 5º da Constituição Federal de
1988, apesar de figurar como o direito fundamental de mais importância dentro do
ordenamento jurídico pátrio, não deve ser interpretado de modo desvinculado e absoluto, uma
vez que pode gerar inferências que desafiam o princípio constitucional da dignidade da pessoa
humana. Com efeito, conforme demonstrado ao decorrer da pesquisa, todos os direitos
fundamentais devem ser guiados por esse preceito constitucional de tão grande relevância,
sendo exatamente sob essa ótica que este estudo busca compreender a eutanásia. Nesse
contexto, a pesquisa questiona a tutela que o ordenamento jurídico atribui à vida, sobretudo
nos casos em que a morte se apresenta como iminente e inevitável. Indaga-se, ainda, se a
proteção da vida em Lei Maior, ao invés de salvaguardá-la, estaria tão somente impondo ao
indivíduo enfermo, que sofre de grandes tormentas físicas e psicológicas, a perpetuação de
sua existência meramente biológica, submetendo-o, injustamente, a maiores sofrimentos, ao
mesmo tempo em que lhe rouba sua dignidade. A falta de consenso na comunidade nacional e
internacional acerca do assunto torna a análise mais densa e complexa, haja vista o tema ser
multifacetado e envolver questões éticas, morais, jurídicas e religiosas. Além disso, imperioso
destacar que esse trabalho é categorizado como artigo científico e sua abordagem se manifesta
como um método qualitativo, almejando compreender os fenômenos sociais e jurídicos acerca
da problemática analisada.
The present study has as its theme euthanasia and its conection with the right to life, from the perspective of human dignity in Brazilian territory, aiming to understand how to balance dignity with the right to life and with euthanasia, as well as to understand whether euthanasia would constitute an express constitutional violation or if it could be supported by the Federal Constitution, through the rights and principles enshrined therein. To that purpouse, the study uses as a research method a bibliographical search, drawing on works and scientific articles from renowned authors. From these sources, it is possible to observe that the right to life, consecrated in Article 5 of the Federal Constitution of 1988, despite being the most important fundamental right within the national legal system, should not be interpreted as detached and absolute, as it may generate inferences that challenge the constitutional principle of human dignity. In fact, as demonstrated throughout the research, all fundamental rights should be guided by this constitutional precept of great importance, and it is precisely from this perspective that this study seeks to understand euthanasia. In this context, the research questions the protection that the legal system attributes to life, especially in cases where death is imminent and inevitable. It also asks whether the protection of life in the Higher Law, instead of safeguarding it, would only be imposing on the sick individual, who suffers from great physical and psychological torment, the perpetuation of their merely biological existence, unjustly subjecting them to greater suffering while robbing their dignity. The lack of consensus in the national and international community on the subject makes the analysis more dense and complex, given that the topic is multifaceted and involves ethical, moral, legal, and religious issues. Furthermore, it is imperative to highlight that this work is categorized as a scientific article and its approach manifests as a qualitative method, aiming to understand the social and legal phenomena regarding the analyzed problem.
The present study has as its theme euthanasia and its conection with the right to life, from the perspective of human dignity in Brazilian territory, aiming to understand how to balance dignity with the right to life and with euthanasia, as well as to understand whether euthanasia would constitute an express constitutional violation or if it could be supported by the Federal Constitution, through the rights and principles enshrined therein. To that purpouse, the study uses as a research method a bibliographical search, drawing on works and scientific articles from renowned authors. From these sources, it is possible to observe that the right to life, consecrated in Article 5 of the Federal Constitution of 1988, despite being the most important fundamental right within the national legal system, should not be interpreted as detached and absolute, as it may generate inferences that challenge the constitutional principle of human dignity. In fact, as demonstrated throughout the research, all fundamental rights should be guided by this constitutional precept of great importance, and it is precisely from this perspective that this study seeks to understand euthanasia. In this context, the research questions the protection that the legal system attributes to life, especially in cases where death is imminent and inevitable. It also asks whether the protection of life in the Higher Law, instead of safeguarding it, would only be imposing on the sick individual, who suffers from great physical and psychological torment, the perpetuation of their merely biological existence, unjustly subjecting them to greater suffering while robbing their dignity. The lack of consensus in the national and international community on the subject makes the analysis more dense and complex, given that the topic is multifaceted and involves ethical, moral, legal, and religious issues. Furthermore, it is imperative to highlight that this work is categorized as a scientific article and its approach manifests as a qualitative method, aiming to understand the social and legal phenomena regarding the analyzed problem.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
eutanásia , direito à vida , dignidade da pessoa humana , vida digna , euthanasia , right to life , dignity of the human person , dignified life