Áreas rurais consolidadas no bioma Mata Atlântica
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2021-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Kuhn, Arthur
Orientador
Rosário, Ricardo Pedro Guazzelli
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
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Resumo
O presente trabalho explora o direito de propriedade aliado ao direito ao meio ambiente
ecologicamente equilibrado, analisando a controvérsia sobre a aplicabilidade do Código
Florestal no território do Bioma Mata Atlântica, tendo como foco as Áreas de Preservação
Permanente consolidadas no Bioma Mata Atlântica e as respectivas legislações aplicáveis,
visando o desenvolvimento sustentável. Quais seriam, entretanto, as implicações trazidas pela
desconsideração das APP’s consolidadas aos pequenos produtores rurais situados no Bioma?
Há de se ressaltar que, atualmente, são muitos os problemas enfrentados pelo produtor rural
brasileiro, especialmente os pequenos proprietários, estes que respondem por grande parte da
variedade de alimentos dispostos no mercado interno. Como se não bastasse os problemas
climáticos, pragas e falta de mão de obra, a insegurança jurídica decorrente das constantes
mudanças de normas e de suas diversas interpretações é uma questão que os preocupa e pode
ter implicações práticas, tanto diretamente aos produtores, quanto indiretamente no mercado
consumidor. Frente a isso, sob a perspectiva científica o estudo proposto se justifica não
somente para identificar e resolver um conflito, mas também para trazer para os bancos
acadêmicos uma análise crítica acerca da legislação ambiental brasileira, que deve ser
interpretada à luz dos diversos valores que compõem a Constituição Federal, com vistas a
congregar os interesses fundamentais de propriedade e preservação ambiental, social e
econômica, promovendo o desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. Este trabalho tem o
desafio de trazer a importância do Novo Código Florestal e a questão das APP’s consolidadas
no Bioma Mata Atlântica para o desenvolvimento sustentável, tema atual, controverso, porém
carecedor de estudos nos bancos acadêmicos. A pesquisa que se desenvolve na presente
monografia tem como objetivo geral apresentar a questão das APP’s consolidadas, previstas no
Novo Código Florestal, e as controvérsias em relação à sua aplicabilidade no Bioma Mata
Atlântica e como objetivos específicos, caracterizar os mecanismos de proteção ambiental à Mata Atlântica, APP e Área Rural Consolidada, contextualizar as implicações do julgamento
conjunto da ADC 42 pelo STF e conhecer o histórico dos posicionamentos vinculantes no
âmbito do Ministério do Meio Ambiente sobre a aplicação do Novo Código Florestal no Bioma
Mata Atlântica, examinar o desenvolvimento econômico aliado à preservação ambiental sob a
perspectiva da Constituição Federal e do STF, bem como as possíveis reverberações que a
desconsideração das áreas consolidadas na Mata Atlântica teria nos pequenos produtores rurais.
Será utilizada a metodologia do raciocínio dedutivo, observando inicialmente todos os assuntos
que envolvem o problema, analisando-os um a um, para que se alcance conclusões específicas.
Para isso ele será realizado em três etapas. A primeira etapa constitui-se pelas APP’s
consolidadas no Bioma Mata Atlântica. Inicialmente, serão caracterizados os principais
dispositivos do Novo Código Florestal e da Lei da Mata Atlântica que podem ser mal
interpretados e se procede o argumento de que a criação de áreas rurais consolidadas
representaria retrocesso ambiental. Será feita uma análise do que diz o STF no acórdão da ADC
42, e por fim serão apresentados os critérios hermenêuticos para resolução de antinomia
aparente, verificando se a Lei da Mata Atlântica seria especial em relação ao Novo Código
Florestal. Para a segunda etapa, delimitaremos o contexto histórico da proteção ambiental e a
migração dos valores ambientais que consagraram o direito ambiental brasileiro (SARLET,
2020). Analisaremos os direitos constitucionais ao meio ambiente equilibrado e à proteção da
mata atlântica, bem como o direito de propriedade. A terceira e última etapa será a análise das
dimensões territoriais, sociais e econômicas da produção agropecuária na Mata Atlântica,
conforme Nota Técnica disponibilizada pela EMBRAPA (2019), e os impactos que a
desconsideração das áreas rurais consolidadas pode ter sobre os produtores rurais situados no
Bioma, entre outras indagações que possuem grande relevância para o trabalho. Conclui-se que
o Código Florestal e a Lei da mata Atlântica não são sistemas jurídicos essencialmente
antagônicos, mas complementares, não havendo que se suprimir qualquer antinomia
relacionada, por ausência de qualquer contradição entre o atual Código Florestal e a Lei da Mata
Atlântica.
This paper explores the right to property combined with the right to an ecologically balanced environment, analysing the controversy over the applicability of the Forest Code in the territory of the Atlantic Forest Biome, focusing on the Permanent Preservation Areas consolidated in the Atlantic Forest Biome and respective applicable legislation, aiming at sustainable development. What, however, would be the implications brought about by the disregard of consolidated permanent preservation areas for small rural producers located in Permanent Preservation Areas already consolidated in the Atlantic Forest Biome? It should be noted that, currently, there are many problems faced by the Brazilian rural producer, especially smallholders, who account for a large part of the variety of foods available on the domestic market. As if the climatic problems, plagues, and lack of manpower were not enough, the legal insecurity resulting from the constant changes in norms and their different interpretations is an issue that concerns them and can have practical implications, both directly to producers, and indirectly in the consumer market. In view of this, from a scientific perspective, the proposed study is justified not only to identify and resolve a conflict, but also to bring to the academic banks a critical analysis of Brazilian environmental legislation, which must be interpreted in the light of the various values that make up the Federal Constitution, with a view to bringing together the fundamental interests of property and environmental, social, and economic preservation, promoting sustainable economic development. This work has the challenge of bringing the importance of the New Forest Code and the issue of APP's consolidated in the Atlantic Forest Biome for sustainable development, a current, controversial theme, but still lacking studies in academic banks. The research carried out in this monograph has the general objective of presenting the issue of consolidated Permanent Preservation Areas, foreseen in the New Forest Code, and the controversies regarding their applicability in the Atlantic Forest Biome and as specific objectives, to characterize the protection mechanisms to the Atlantic Forest, APP and Consolidated Rural Area, contextualize the implications of the joint judgment of ADC 42 by the STF and learn about the history of binding positions within the Ministry of the Environment on the application of the New Forest Code in the Atlantic Forest Biome, examine the economic development combined with environmental preservation from the perspective of the Federal Constitution and the STF, as well as the possible reverberations that the disregard of the consolidated areas in the Atlantic Forest would have on small rural producers. The deductive reasoning methodology will be used, initially observing all the issues that involve the problem, analysing them one by one, to reach specific conclusions. For this, it will be carried out in three stages. The first stage consists of the APP's consolidated in the Atlantic Forest Biome. Initially, the main provisions of the New Forest Code and the Atlantic Forest Law will be characterized, which can be misinterpreted, and the argument is made that the creation of consolidated rural areas would represent an environmental setback. An analysis will be made of what the STF says in the ADC 42 ruling, and finally, the hermeneutical criteria for resolving an apparent antinomy will be presented, verifying whether the Atlantic Forest Law would be special in relation to the New Forest Code. For the second stage, we will delimit the historical context of environmental protection and the migration of environmental values that enshrined Brazilian environmental law (SARLET, 2020). We will analyse constitutional rights to a balanced environment and the protection of the Atlantic forest, as well as the right to property. The third and final stage will be the analysis of the territorial, social, and economic dimensions of agricultural production in the Atlantic Forest, according to the Technical Note made available by EMBRAPA (2019), and the impacts that the disregard of consolidated rural areas may have on rural producers located in the Biome, among other questions that have great relevance to the work. It is concluded that the Forest Code and the Atlantic Forest Law are not essentially antagonistic legal systems, but complementary, and there is no need to suppress any related antinomy, due to the absence of any contradiction between the current Forest Code and the Atlantic Forest Law.
This paper explores the right to property combined with the right to an ecologically balanced environment, analysing the controversy over the applicability of the Forest Code in the territory of the Atlantic Forest Biome, focusing on the Permanent Preservation Areas consolidated in the Atlantic Forest Biome and respective applicable legislation, aiming at sustainable development. What, however, would be the implications brought about by the disregard of consolidated permanent preservation areas for small rural producers located in Permanent Preservation Areas already consolidated in the Atlantic Forest Biome? It should be noted that, currently, there are many problems faced by the Brazilian rural producer, especially smallholders, who account for a large part of the variety of foods available on the domestic market. As if the climatic problems, plagues, and lack of manpower were not enough, the legal insecurity resulting from the constant changes in norms and their different interpretations is an issue that concerns them and can have practical implications, both directly to producers, and indirectly in the consumer market. In view of this, from a scientific perspective, the proposed study is justified not only to identify and resolve a conflict, but also to bring to the academic banks a critical analysis of Brazilian environmental legislation, which must be interpreted in the light of the various values that make up the Federal Constitution, with a view to bringing together the fundamental interests of property and environmental, social, and economic preservation, promoting sustainable economic development. This work has the challenge of bringing the importance of the New Forest Code and the issue of APP's consolidated in the Atlantic Forest Biome for sustainable development, a current, controversial theme, but still lacking studies in academic banks. The research carried out in this monograph has the general objective of presenting the issue of consolidated Permanent Preservation Areas, foreseen in the New Forest Code, and the controversies regarding their applicability in the Atlantic Forest Biome and as specific objectives, to characterize the protection mechanisms to the Atlantic Forest, APP and Consolidated Rural Area, contextualize the implications of the joint judgment of ADC 42 by the STF and learn about the history of binding positions within the Ministry of the Environment on the application of the New Forest Code in the Atlantic Forest Biome, examine the economic development combined with environmental preservation from the perspective of the Federal Constitution and the STF, as well as the possible reverberations that the disregard of the consolidated areas in the Atlantic Forest would have on small rural producers. The deductive reasoning methodology will be used, initially observing all the issues that involve the problem, analysing them one by one, to reach specific conclusions. For this, it will be carried out in three stages. The first stage consists of the APP's consolidated in the Atlantic Forest Biome. Initially, the main provisions of the New Forest Code and the Atlantic Forest Law will be characterized, which can be misinterpreted, and the argument is made that the creation of consolidated rural areas would represent an environmental setback. An analysis will be made of what the STF says in the ADC 42 ruling, and finally, the hermeneutical criteria for resolving an apparent antinomy will be presented, verifying whether the Atlantic Forest Law would be special in relation to the New Forest Code. For the second stage, we will delimit the historical context of environmental protection and the migration of environmental values that enshrined Brazilian environmental law (SARLET, 2020). We will analyse constitutional rights to a balanced environment and the protection of the Atlantic forest, as well as the right to property. The third and final stage will be the analysis of the territorial, social, and economic dimensions of agricultural production in the Atlantic Forest, according to the Technical Note made available by EMBRAPA (2019), and the impacts that the disregard of consolidated rural areas may have on rural producers located in the Biome, among other questions that have great relevance to the work. It is concluded that the Forest Code and the Atlantic Forest Law are not essentially antagonistic legal systems, but complementary, and there is no need to suppress any related antinomy, due to the absence of any contradiction between the current Forest Code and the Atlantic Forest Law.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
direito ambiental , código florestal , mata atlântica , desenvolvimento sustentável , environmental law , property right , social role , forest code