O conflito árabe-israelense: o movimento sionista e o declínio de Oslo
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2019-11
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Giulio, Ricardo Campos de
Orientador
Dezem, Guilherme Madeira
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ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
Este artigo é uma revisão da literatura desde o surgimento movimento sionista para mostrar o conflito
árabe-israelense até os dias atuais. A procura da criação um Estado para os judeus ganhou força no início
do século 20 com o movimento sionista em reação ao antissemitismo sofrido por eles na Europa. Mas
fez surgir um forte movimento migratório judaico, que gerou resistência entre as comunidades locais. O
Reino Unido recebeu um mandato para administrar o território da Palestina após a desintegração do
Império Otomano, ocorrido na Primeira Guerra Mundial. Com o não cumprimento de uma série de
promessas feitas pelos britânicos surgiu um clima de tensão entre os dois lados que culminou em
confrontos entre grupos paramilitares judeus e árabes. Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial e o Holocausto o
plano original previa a partilha do território controlado pelos britânicos entre judeus e palestinos e a
criação de Estado judeu. A fundação de Israel em 14 de maio de 1948 fez cm que a tensão deixasse de
ser local para se tornar uma questão regional com a invasão do território pelo Egito, Jordânia, Síria,
Iraque e Líbano. Surgiu então a primeira guerra árabe-israelense, também conhecida pelos judeus como
a guerra de independência ou de libertação. O território originalmente planejado pela ONU para um
Estado árabe foi reduzido pela metade depois da guerra, vencida pelos israelenses e os palestinos
deixaram suas casas e fugiram para países vizinhos ou foram expulsos por tropas israelenses. Torna-se
então necessário voltar as atenções para a crise de refugiados pois esse conflito árabe-israelense
ocasionou desde sempre uma incessante violação aos direitos humanos por ambas as partes e, além do
fator histórico e religioso do local e também ocorrem as interferências das potências mundiais que,
consequentemente, tem também culpa por essas violações.
This article is a review of the literature from the emergence of the Zionist movement to show the Arab- Israeli conflict to the present day. The quest for the creation of a state for the Jews gained momentum in the early 20th century with the Zionist movement in reaction to their anti-Semitism in Europe. But it gave rise to a strong Jewish migratory movement that generated resistance among local communities. The United Kingdom was given a mandate to administer Palestinian territory following the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. Failure to fulfill a series of promises made by the British led to a climate of tension between the two sides that culminated in clashes between Jewish and Arab paramilitary groups. After World War II and the Holocaust, the original plan foresaw the sharing of British-controlled territory between Jews and Palestinians and the creation of a Jewish state. The founding of Israel on May 14, 1948 caused tension to cease to be local to become a regional issue with the invasion of the territory by Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon. Then came the first Arab-Israeli war, also known by the Jews as the war of independence or liberation. The territory originally planned by the UN for an Arab state was halved after the war, won by the Israelis and the Palestinians left their homes and fled to neighboring countries or were expelled by Israeli troops. Attention must therefore be given to the refugee crisis as this Arab-Israeli conflict has always caused an incessant violation of human rights on both sides and, in addition to the historical and religious factor of the place, and the interference of world powers, consequently also to blame for these violations.
This article is a review of the literature from the emergence of the Zionist movement to show the Arab- Israeli conflict to the present day. The quest for the creation of a state for the Jews gained momentum in the early 20th century with the Zionist movement in reaction to their anti-Semitism in Europe. But it gave rise to a strong Jewish migratory movement that generated resistance among local communities. The United Kingdom was given a mandate to administer Palestinian territory following the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire in World War I. Failure to fulfill a series of promises made by the British led to a climate of tension between the two sides that culminated in clashes between Jewish and Arab paramilitary groups. After World War II and the Holocaust, the original plan foresaw the sharing of British-controlled territory between Jews and Palestinians and the creation of a Jewish state. The founding of Israel on May 14, 1948 caused tension to cease to be local to become a regional issue with the invasion of the territory by Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon. Then came the first Arab-Israeli war, also known by the Jews as the war of independence or liberation. The territory originally planned by the UN for an Arab state was halved after the war, won by the Israelis and the Palestinians left their homes and fled to neighboring countries or were expelled by Israeli troops. Attention must therefore be given to the refugee crisis as this Arab-Israeli conflict has always caused an incessant violation of human rights on both sides and, in addition to the historical and religious factor of the place, and the interference of world powers, consequently also to blame for these violations.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
arab-Israeli conflict , violation of human rights , refugee crisis in the middle east , conflito árabe-israelense , violação aos direitos humanos , crise de refugiados no oriente médio