Sistema de precedentes no novo Código de Processo Civil
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2019-11
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Alvarez, Heitor Felix
Orientador
Fernandes, Luis Eduardo Simardi
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Resumo
O CPC/15 inaugurou no direito brasileiro uma regulamentação mais densa de um sistema de precedentes obrigatórios, técnica típica dos países de tradição common law. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho, em primeira análise, procura demonstrar as raízes do civil law e do common law, com vistas a esclarecer porque o precedente, como fonte do direito, foi relegado a patamar secundário em países de tradição civil law, como o nosso. Em sequência, mostrar-se-á a possibilidade de aproximação entre os sistemas de civil law e common law, através da desmistificação nos países de tradição romano-germânico, de uma necessária vinculação da stare decisis com a função criadora do direito pelo juiz, o que, por consequência, tornaria incompatível a figura do precedente obrigatório com a civil law. Nesse sentido, ainda serão fixados aspectos que demonstram uma aproximação aparente entre os sobreditos sistemas jurídicos, benefícios trazidos por tal aproximação e defeitos de aplicação do sistema de precedentes obrigatórios, sobretudo com a edição de enunciados de súmulas, no direito brasileiro. Mais do que isso, o trabalho se dedicará a demonstrar os aspectos práticos da aplicação do precedente judicial, destrinchando o conceito técnico de precedente judicial, ratio recidendi e obiter dictum, distinguing e overruling. Por fim, será feito um balanço, a fim de se demonstrar analiticamente o funcionamento do sistema de precedentes judiciais no CPC/15.
CPC/15 inaugurated in Brazilian law a denser regulation of a system of mandatory precedents, a typical technique of common law tradition. Thus, the present work, in the first analysis, seeks to demonstrate the begins of civil law and common law, in order to clarify why the precedent, as a source of law, was relegated to secondary level in civil law tradition, such as ours. Following this, it will be proved that civil law and common law can be approximated, through the demystification in countries of Romano-German tradition, of a necessary link between stare decisis and the judge law make authority, which would consequently render the figure of compulsory precedent incompatible with civil law. Therefore, will be pointed aspects that demonstrate an apparent approximation between the aforementioned legal systems, benefits brought by such approximation and defects in the application of the system of mandatory precedents, especially with the editing of “súmulas”, statements in Brazilian law. More than that, this paper will focus on demonstrating the practicalities of applying judicial precedent, disentangling the technical concept of judicial precedent, ratio recidendi and obter dictum, distinguishing and overruling. Finally, a review will be made in order to demonstrate analytically the functioning of the system of judicial precedents in CPC / 15.
CPC/15 inaugurated in Brazilian law a denser regulation of a system of mandatory precedents, a typical technique of common law tradition. Thus, the present work, in the first analysis, seeks to demonstrate the begins of civil law and common law, in order to clarify why the precedent, as a source of law, was relegated to secondary level in civil law tradition, such as ours. Following this, it will be proved that civil law and common law can be approximated, through the demystification in countries of Romano-German tradition, of a necessary link between stare decisis and the judge law make authority, which would consequently render the figure of compulsory precedent incompatible with civil law. Therefore, will be pointed aspects that demonstrate an apparent approximation between the aforementioned legal systems, benefits brought by such approximation and defects in the application of the system of mandatory precedents, especially with the editing of “súmulas”, statements in Brazilian law. More than that, this paper will focus on demonstrating the practicalities of applying judicial precedent, disentangling the technical concept of judicial precedent, ratio recidendi and obter dictum, distinguishing and overruling. Finally, a review will be made in order to demonstrate analytically the functioning of the system of judicial precedents in CPC / 15.
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Palavras-chave
precedentes judiciais , súmulas , common law , civil law , ratio decidendi , overruling , distinguishing , stare decisis , precedent