Avaliação da adequação da oferta alimentar em creches da Zona Sul do Município de São Paulo
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2019-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Alcantara, Bruna Rosa de
Pires, Letícia do Vale
Pires, Letícia do Vale
Orientador
Paternez, Ana Carolina Almada Colucci
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Introdução: Na fase pré-escolar, ocorre um decréscimo das necessidades nutricionais e
consequentemente do apetite. Nesse período, a criança desenvolve ainda mais a capacidade
de selecionar os alimentos, a partir de cores, sabores, texturas e experiências sensoriais, e suas
escolhas irão influenciar o padrão alimentar futuro. O ambiente escolar tem uma importante
função na formação do comportamento alimentar. Por isso, deve-se ofertar e estimular a
ingestão de alimentos saudáveis neste ambiente. Objetivo: Avaliar a adequação da oferta
alimentar em creches da zona sul do município de São Paulo. Método: Tratou-se de um
estudo transversal, realizado em duas creches em São Paulo, com a participação de 173
crianças, com idade entre 7 a 48 meses. A oferta alimentar foi avaliada através do método de
pesagem direta das cinco refeições diárias oferecidas. Foi considerado o peso final total de
cada preparação e quantificados o resto alimentar e as sobras. O total consumido foi dividido
pela quantidade de crianças presentes no momento da refeição estimando-se, desta forma, o
consumo alimentar individual. A estimativa do valor nutritivo dos alimentos dos cardápios
foi obtida através do software Avanutri. Foram avaliados o valor calórico total da dieta,
carboidratos, proteínas, gordura total, fibra alimentar; vitamina A, vitamina C, cálcio, ferro,
magnésio, zinco e sódio. Estes valores foram analisados conforme as recomendações do
Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Resultados: Os resultados obtidos
apontam que, segundo as recomendações do PNAE, a média de consumo pelas crianças de
7 a 11 meses da creche 1 foi insuficiente para energia, carboidrato, lipídio, vitamina C, cálcio,
ferro e magnésio nos dois dias de análise. Já em relação ao consumo médio das crianças de
12 a 48 meses da creche 1 foi insuficiente para energia, carboidrato, proteína, lipídio, fibras,
cálcio, ferro, magnésio e zinco nos dois dias de análise. Com base no consumo médio das
crianças de 7 a 11 meses da creche 2, o consumo está abaixo das recomendações apenas para
energia, vitamina A e magnésio nos dois dias. Já nas crianças de 12 a 48 meses, o consumo
foi insuficiente somente para carboidrato, ferro e zinco nos dois dias. A quantidade de sódio
consumido pelas crianças de ambas as creches, está dentro da recomendação. Conclusão:
Podemos concluir que a oferta alimentar para as crianças de ambas as creches é insuficiente
e necessita de mudanças para que a ingestão de macronutrientes e micronutrientes atenda às
necessidades nutricionais, segundo recomendações do PNAE.
Introduction: In the preschool stage, there is a decrease in nutritional needs and consequently of appetite. In this period, the child further develops the ability to select foods from colors, tastes, textures and sensory experiences, and their choices will influence the future food pattern. The school environment plays an important role in the formation of eating behavior. Therefore, one must offer and stimulate the intake of healthy foods in this environment. Objective: To evaluate the adequacy of food supply in day care centers in the south of the city of São Paulo. Method: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in two day care centers in São Paulo, with the participation of 173 children, aged between 7 and 48 months. The food supply was evaluated through the direct weighing method of the five daily meals offered. The final total weight of each preparation was considered and the rest food and leftovers were quantified. The total consumed was divided by the number of children present at the time of the meal, estimating, in this way, the individual food consumption. Estimates of the nutritional value of the foods from the menus were obtained through Avanutri software. The total caloric value of the diet, carbohydrates, proteins, total fat, dietary fiber; vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and sodium were evaluated. These values were analyzed according to the recommendations of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE). Results: The results indicate that, according to the recommendations of the PNAE, the average consumption by children from 7 to 11 months of day care center 1 was insufficient for energy, carbohydrate, lipid, vitamin C, calcium, iron and magnesium on the two days of analysis. Regarding the average consumption of children from 12 to 48 months of day care center 1, it was insufficient for energy, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, fiber, calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc in the two days of analysis. Based on the average consumption of children from 6 to 11 months of day care center 2, consumption is below the recommendations for energy, vitamin A and magnesium only on both days. In children from 12 to 48 months, consumption was insufficient only for carbohydrate, iron and zinc in the two days. The amount of sodium consumed by children in both day care centers is within the recommendation. Conclusion: We can conclude that the food supply for children in both day care centers is insufficient and needs to be changed in order for the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients to meet nutritional needs, according to PNAE recommendations.
Introduction: In the preschool stage, there is a decrease in nutritional needs and consequently of appetite. In this period, the child further develops the ability to select foods from colors, tastes, textures and sensory experiences, and their choices will influence the future food pattern. The school environment plays an important role in the formation of eating behavior. Therefore, one must offer and stimulate the intake of healthy foods in this environment. Objective: To evaluate the adequacy of food supply in day care centers in the south of the city of São Paulo. Method: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in two day care centers in São Paulo, with the participation of 173 children, aged between 7 and 48 months. The food supply was evaluated through the direct weighing method of the five daily meals offered. The final total weight of each preparation was considered and the rest food and leftovers were quantified. The total consumed was divided by the number of children present at the time of the meal, estimating, in this way, the individual food consumption. Estimates of the nutritional value of the foods from the menus were obtained through Avanutri software. The total caloric value of the diet, carbohydrates, proteins, total fat, dietary fiber; vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and sodium were evaluated. These values were analyzed according to the recommendations of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE). Results: The results indicate that, according to the recommendations of the PNAE, the average consumption by children from 7 to 11 months of day care center 1 was insufficient for energy, carbohydrate, lipid, vitamin C, calcium, iron and magnesium on the two days of analysis. Regarding the average consumption of children from 12 to 48 months of day care center 1, it was insufficient for energy, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, fiber, calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc in the two days of analysis. Based on the average consumption of children from 6 to 11 months of day care center 2, consumption is below the recommendations for energy, vitamin A and magnesium only on both days. In children from 12 to 48 months, consumption was insufficient only for carbohydrate, iron and zinc in the two days. The amount of sodium consumed by children in both day care centers is within the recommendation. Conclusion: We can conclude that the food supply for children in both day care centers is insufficient and needs to be changed in order for the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients to meet nutritional needs, according to PNAE recommendations.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
nutrição , criança , alimentação infantil , nutrition , child , infant feeding