A ampliação do conceito de filiação e suas implicações no direito de família contemporâneo
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2020-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Lucinio, Thomaz de Camargo Sampaio
Orientador
Saad, Martha Solange Scherer
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Resumo
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a trajetória do conceito de filiação no Direito de
Família brasileiro e sua ampliação ao longo tempo, por meio do estudo da legislação, da
doutrina e da jurisprudência. Contudo, a filiação manifesta-se dentro das relações familiares e,
por essa razão, faz-se necessário entender também como o conceito de família ganhou novos
contornos na sociedade contemporânea, em decorrência das mudanças vivenciadas a partir do
século XX, no Brasil e no mundo. Se, num primeiro momento, a noção de família restringia-se
ao modelo patriarcal, sacralizado pelo matrimônio, aos poucos e, graças às conquistas de
inúmeros movimentos sociais, outras formas de relações começam a reivindicar o seu espaço
social e seu reconhecimento legal. O legislador precisou, então, estender o seu olhar a essa
pluralidade de novos modelos familiares para garantir também a sua proteção. Nesse sentido,
foi de suma importância a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, que colocou a garantia da
dignidade da pessoa humana como princípio máximo e norteador das relações sociais. A
família, em suas diferentes formas, impõe-se como o espaço privilegiado do desenvolvimento
dessa dignidade e, por isso, deve ser protegida pelo Estado. No texto constitucional, o conceito
de filiação também se amplia e passa a englobar, de forma igualitária, não somente os filhos
oriundos do casamento, mas as outras categorias que, anteriormente à isonomia filial, eram
tratadas discriminatoriamente. A primazia do filho biológico e gerado dentro do matrimônio
cede lugar à noção de filiação socioafetiva, fruto dos vínculos de convivência que se
estabelecem entre pessoas não necessariamente ligadas geneticamente. Os laços socioafetivos
passam a se sobrepor a qualquer outra origem, seja ela legal ou biológica, trazendo avanços
consideráveis para a relação paterno-filial nas decisões judiciais, fundamentadas no melhor
interesse do menor, máxima trazida pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (1990). Os filhos
deixam de ser alvo de disputas dos adultos e vítimas de um poder familiar sem limites e
começam a ser vistos como sujeitos de direitos, cabendo à família, à sociedade e ao Estado
promovê-los. Caso a família natural falhe em sua função de proteção, faz-se urgente a
intervenção do Estado, por meio de seus institutos legais e da colaboração da sociedade civil,
para proporcionar à criança uma família substituta que promova o seu pleno desenvolvimento.
This paper’s goal is to analyse the trajectory of the concepto of affiliation in Brasilian Family Law, as well as its expansion over time, through a study of laws, doctrine and jurisprudence. However, affiliation expresses itself inside of family relations, and, because of that, it is necessary to understand how the concept family has gained new outlines in the contemporany society, as a consequence of the changes experienced since the 20th century, both in Brazil and worldwide. If, at first, the notion of family was restricted to the patriarchal model, sacred by marriage, other forms of relations slowly started to claim their social space and legal recognition, due to the achievements of countless social movements.The legislator, then, had to broaden his perspective to embrace this plurality of new family models in order to guarantee their protection. In this regard, the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution was extremely important, because it placed the guarantee of human dignity as the ultimate and guiding principle of social relations. Family, in its different forms, is the privileged space for the development of this dignity and, therefore, must be protected by the State. In the constitutional text, the concept of affiliation is broadened and begins to provide filial equality to a number of categories, other than children from legal marriages. The primacy of the biological child generated within marriage is replaced by the notion of socio-affective affiliation, a result of bonds of coexistence established between people not necessarily genetically linked. Socio affective ties start to overlap with any other source, legal or biological, bringing considerable advances to the paternal-filial relationship in judicial decisions, which are based on the best interest of the minor, a principle brought by the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (1990) . Children are no longer the target of disputes by adults nor the victims of unlimited family power and start to be seen as subjects of rights: it is up to the family, society and the State to promote them. If the natural family fails to exert its protective function, State intervention is necessary, either through legal provisions or the collaboration of civil society, in order to provide the child with a substitute family that promotes their full development.
This paper’s goal is to analyse the trajectory of the concepto of affiliation in Brasilian Family Law, as well as its expansion over time, through a study of laws, doctrine and jurisprudence. However, affiliation expresses itself inside of family relations, and, because of that, it is necessary to understand how the concept family has gained new outlines in the contemporany society, as a consequence of the changes experienced since the 20th century, both in Brazil and worldwide. If, at first, the notion of family was restricted to the patriarchal model, sacred by marriage, other forms of relations slowly started to claim their social space and legal recognition, due to the achievements of countless social movements.The legislator, then, had to broaden his perspective to embrace this plurality of new family models in order to guarantee their protection. In this regard, the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution was extremely important, because it placed the guarantee of human dignity as the ultimate and guiding principle of social relations. Family, in its different forms, is the privileged space for the development of this dignity and, therefore, must be protected by the State. In the constitutional text, the concept of affiliation is broadened and begins to provide filial equality to a number of categories, other than children from legal marriages. The primacy of the biological child generated within marriage is replaced by the notion of socio-affective affiliation, a result of bonds of coexistence established between people not necessarily genetically linked. Socio affective ties start to overlap with any other source, legal or biological, bringing considerable advances to the paternal-filial relationship in judicial decisions, which are based on the best interest of the minor, a principle brought by the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (1990) . Children are no longer the target of disputes by adults nor the victims of unlimited family power and start to be seen as subjects of rights: it is up to the family, society and the State to promote them. If the natural family fails to exert its protective function, State intervention is necessary, either through legal provisions or the collaboration of civil society, in order to provide the child with a substitute family that promotes their full development.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
direito de família , família contemporânea , dignidade da pessoa humana , family law , contemporary family , dignity of human person