A incompatibilidade jurídica da pena de morte e da tortura no direito iluminista de Cesare Beccaria
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2021-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Barni, Igor Cavalheiro
Orientador
Aranha Filho, Adalberto José Queiroz Telles de Camargo
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O objetivo do presente artigo científico é analisar através dos estudos de Cesare Beccaria, a incompatibilidade jurídica da pena de morte e da tortura na visão do seu Direito Penal Iluminista. A partir da análise do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana e do princípio da proporcionalidade da pena, esse estudo visa compreender como as penas aflitivas se tornaram incompatíveis com o Direito Penal norteado pelos ensinamentos de Beccaria. O autor, nascido em Milão no século XVIII, escreve em 1764 sua obra Dos Delitos e das Penas contra a barbárie promovida pelo Estado monárquico, os abusos praticados pelas estruturas de poder estabelecidas e a desigualdade no tratamento jurídico e na distribuição de vantagens aos indivíduos. Movido pelos ideais do iluminismo, o filósofo de Milão, ao observar as penas e as condições desumanas às quais os indivíduos eram submetidos, critica o modelo penal de sua época e propõe um novo direito, que tem como requisito elementar a observância dos princípios inerentes a condição de humanidade dos indivíduos. Suas críticas influenciaram o desenvolvimento de um Direito Penal guiado pelos princípios humanos, que através da justiça distributiva e proporcional, assumiu como objetivos zelar pela igualdade, promover o bem geral e proteger os indivíduos dos abusos cometidos pelo próprio Estado. Essa tese utilizará exclusivamente o método bibliográfico para analisar a obra de Beccaria e os efeitos que seu livro revolucionário trouxe à ciência do Direito.
The aim of this scientific article is to analyze, through the studies of Cesare Beccaria, the legal incompatibility of the death penalty and torture in the perspective of his Enlightenment Law. From the analysis of the principle of human dignity and the principle of criminal proportionality, this study aims to understand how the afflicting penalties became incompatible with the Criminal Law guided by the teachings of Beccaria. The author, born in Milan in the 18th century, wrote in 1764 his work Dos Delitos e das Penas against the barbarism promoted by the monarchic State, the abuses practiced by the established power structures and the inequality in the legal treatment and distribution of benefits to individuals. Moved by the ideals of the Enlightenment, the Milan philosopher, when observing the penalties and inhuman conditions to which individuals were subjected, criticized the criminal model of his time and proposed a new law, which has the elementary requirement of observing the principles inherent to the human condition of each individual. His criticisms influenced the development of a Criminal Law guided by human principles, which, through distributive and proportional justice, assumed the objectives of ensuring equality, promoting the general well-being and protecting individuals from abuses committed by the State itself. This thesis will exclusively use the bibliographic method to analyze Beccaria's work and the effects that his revolutionary book brought to the science of law.
The aim of this scientific article is to analyze, through the studies of Cesare Beccaria, the legal incompatibility of the death penalty and torture in the perspective of his Enlightenment Law. From the analysis of the principle of human dignity and the principle of criminal proportionality, this study aims to understand how the afflicting penalties became incompatible with the Criminal Law guided by the teachings of Beccaria. The author, born in Milan in the 18th century, wrote in 1764 his work Dos Delitos e das Penas against the barbarism promoted by the monarchic State, the abuses practiced by the established power structures and the inequality in the legal treatment and distribution of benefits to individuals. Moved by the ideals of the Enlightenment, the Milan philosopher, when observing the penalties and inhuman conditions to which individuals were subjected, criticized the criminal model of his time and proposed a new law, which has the elementary requirement of observing the principles inherent to the human condition of each individual. His criticisms influenced the development of a Criminal Law guided by human principles, which, through distributive and proportional justice, assumed the objectives of ensuring equality, promoting the general well-being and protecting individuals from abuses committed by the State itself. This thesis will exclusively use the bibliographic method to analyze Beccaria's work and the effects that his revolutionary book brought to the science of law.
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Palavras-chave
pena de morte , tortura , dignidade da pessoa humana , proporcionalidade da pena , death penalty , torture , human dignity , criminal proportionality