Reconhecimento de pessoas no processo penal: análise da observância obrigatória do procedimento legal e de sua readequação necessária
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2022-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Yokota, Mariana Yumi Albuquerque
Orientador
Lopes, Mariângela Tomé
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
Este trabalho busca analisar a necessidade de observância do procedimento de reconhecimento de pessoas previsto pelo artigo 226 do Código de Processo Penal. Isto, pois em razão de depender unicamente da memória humana, trata-se de meio de prova frágil quando produzido em desacordo com o rito processual, ocasionando, assim, erros judiciários provenientes de condenações injustas, principalmente por ser uma prova determinante na decisão dos magistrados. Demonstra-se, de início, a intrínseca relação entre a necessidade de obediência ao comando legal frente ao princípio do devido processo legal, já que o resultado pode suprimir o direito de liberdade. Ao longo do estudo, verifica-se o fenômeno das falsas memórias, advindo dos estudos da Psicologia Moderna, a qual sugere novas práticas que podem corroborar com a elaboração de um procedimento mais robusto e eficaz. São demonstrados estudos de casos que evidenciam a recorrência e as consequências do erro de reconhecimento, tanto para aquele que foi preso injustamente, quanto para a sociedade e para o sistema jurídico criminal. Para tanto, aborda-se a insegurança jurídica e o fomento do racismo estrutural oriundos também da prova irregular. Por meio de relatórios, projetos de lei e jurisprudência, são analisados os avanços teóricos e práticos quanto à necessidade de observância e alteração do rito legal de reconhecimento de pessoas que até aqui nos tem dado a esperança de um processo penal mais sólido e justo.
This thesis aims to analyze the need of respect about eyewitness identification procedures, which is foreseen by article 226 of Criminal Procedure Code. This evidence is produced solely based on human memory, which turns it onto a fragile type of evidence when it is produced in disagreement with the procedure. The desrespect of the law results in wrongful convictions, mainly because for the bench this evidence it is a determinant factor to its’ decision. Initially, it is demonstrated the close connection between the need to obey the law and the principle of due process of law, since the result of a criminal prosecution could supress the right of freedom. Throughout the essay, it is demonstrated the false memories phenomenon arised from the studies of the Modern Pshycology, which imply some new techniques that can improve the development of a new procedure, stronger and more efficient. In sequency, some actual cases are presented in order to demonstrate the frequency and the consequences that come by an identification error, not only to the misjudged person, but also to the society and to the criminal justice system. This analysis is done by covering the legal uncertainty and the structural racism. Ultimatelly, through reports, bills and precedents, some theorical and practical developments about the need of obedience and revision of the eyewitness identification procedure are demonstrated, which gives us some sense of hope about a criminal system more solid and fair.
This thesis aims to analyze the need of respect about eyewitness identification procedures, which is foreseen by article 226 of Criminal Procedure Code. This evidence is produced solely based on human memory, which turns it onto a fragile type of evidence when it is produced in disagreement with the procedure. The desrespect of the law results in wrongful convictions, mainly because for the bench this evidence it is a determinant factor to its’ decision. Initially, it is demonstrated the close connection between the need to obey the law and the principle of due process of law, since the result of a criminal prosecution could supress the right of freedom. Throughout the essay, it is demonstrated the false memories phenomenon arised from the studies of the Modern Pshycology, which imply some new techniques that can improve the development of a new procedure, stronger and more efficient. In sequency, some actual cases are presented in order to demonstrate the frequency and the consequences that come by an identification error, not only to the misjudged person, but also to the society and to the criminal justice system. This analysis is done by covering the legal uncertainty and the structural racism. Ultimatelly, through reports, bills and precedents, some theorical and practical developments about the need of obedience and revision of the eyewitness identification procedure are demonstrated, which gives us some sense of hope about a criminal system more solid and fair.
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Palavras-chave
reconhecimento de pessoas , rito processual , falsas memórias , eyewitness identification procedure , criminal procedure , false memories