Acordo de não persecução penal
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2021-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Teles, Alexandre Gomes Arantes
Orientador
Barone, Marcelo Luiz
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
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Resumo
Ab initio, o Acordo de Não Persecução Penal surge no panorama da Justiça Penal Negociada em 2017 por ocasião da edição da Resolução Nº 181 do Conselho Nacional do Ministério Público, no entanto, foi incorporado ao Código de Processo Penal (CPP) com o advento da Lei 13.964/19. Seria mais específico que o instrumento possuísse outro nomen juris, como acordo de não continuidade da persecução penal, já que a persecução penal existirá independentemente do ANPP. A Resolução do CNMP e CPP são complementares (algumas normas da Resolução foram derrogadas por ocasião da promulgação do Pacote Anticrime, que alterou o CPP e nele acrescentou o Acordo, com ausência de alguns elementos que possuía a Resolução, sendo a Resolução complementar e subsidiária as disposições do CPP). No que diz respeito à natureza jurídica, o Acordo é negócio jurídico extraprocessual, estipulado conforme uma discricionariedade regrada pelo órgão do Parquet, tendo suas clausulas natureza obrigacional próprias de negócio jurídico. Quanto ao cabimento: pode ser ofertado quando não for o caso do arquivamento do procedimento investigatório preliminar (como o Inquérito Policial); não for cabível a transação penal. O investigado: deverá confessar formal e circunstanciadamente; não deve ser reincidente e não ter sido beneficiado com transação, sursis processual ou ANPP nos cinco anos anteriores à nova oferta; não deve possuir frequência delitiva. A infração penal cometida não pode ser: com violência ou grave ameaça ou em situação de violência doméstica ou familiar; crime da delinquência econômico-financeira (pelo dano coletivo que causa tais tipos de crimes) – excetuados aqui os crimes tributários, os quais possuem tutela inadequada pelo ordenamento; crime hediondos; crime cometido contra deficientes, crianças, adolescentes e idosos (dada a sua vulnerabilidade); crime de organização ou associação criminosa ou por elas cometido. É incabível o instrumento: em caso de atos infracionais (não há crime ou pena, mas sim ato infracional e medida socioeducativa). No que concerne às partes do Acordo, necessário é observar as regras de capacidade do investigado para fazer parte do Acordo, bem como de sua imputabilidade, razões que, a depender da situação concreta, pode autorizar ou obstar o oferecimento do Acordo. O ANPP não retroage em ações penais em curso, isto é, ele só poderá ser ofertado para situações em que não houve o recebimento da denúncia. O acordo é possível em sede de ações penais originárias. Também, o instrumento não pode ser ofertado por particular (por isso, incabível em ação penal de iniciativa privada). Quanto aos objetos, há diversas condições que podem ser negociadas no ANPP, já que o inc. V permite – acertadamente – conforme seja necessário e suficiente à prevenção e reprovação do crime. São efeitos do Acordo: se cumprido – extingue a punibilidade – se descumprido – a denúncia poderá
ser oferecida. Não ofertado o ANPP, o investigado pode requerer a remessa dos autos a órgão superior (se o juiz entender cabível remeterá); se ofertado o ANPP e o juiz não homologar, poderá ser interposto RESE; se o juiz discordar das condições, caberá RESE ou aplica-se o §8º do art. 28-A do CPP.
Ab initio, the Non-Persecution Agreement appears in the panorama of Criminal Justice Negotiated in 2017 on the occasion of the edition of Resolution Nº 181 of the National Council of the Public Ministry, however, it was incorporated to the Code of Criminal Procedure (CPP) by the arrival of the Law 13.964/19. It would be more specific for the instrument to have another nomen juris, such as a non-continuation of criminal prosecution agreement, since criminal prosecution will exist independently of the ANPP. The Resolution of the CNMP and CPP, being complementary (some rules of the Resolution were derogated when the Anti-crime Package was promulgated, which changed the CPP and added the Agreement to it, without some elements that the Resolution had. Consequently, the resolution is complementary and subsidiary to the provisions of the CPP). With regard to the legal nature, the Agreement is an extra-procedural juridical business, stipulated according to a discretion regulated by the Prosecutor, with its clauses being mandatory in nature since it is a juridical business. About suitability: it can be offered when it is not the case for the archiving of the preliminary investigative procedure (such as the Police Inquiry); a criminal transaction is not applicable. The investigated: must confess formally and in detail; must not be a recidivist and have not benefited from a transaction, procedural surplus or ANPP in the five years prior to the new offer; he must not have criminal frequency. The criminal offense committed cannot be: with violence or serious threat or in a situation of domestic or family violence; crime of economic-financial delinquency (in reason of the consequence of the collective damage that causes such types of crimes) - except for tax crimes, which have inadequate protection by the Law; heinous crimes; crime committed against the deficient, children, adolescents and the old-ages (in reason of their vulnerability); crime of criminal organization or association or committed by them. The instrument is unrealizable: in the case of infractional acts (there is no crime or penalty, but an infractional act and a socio-educational measure). About to the parties to the Agreement: it is necessary to observe the rules on the capacity of the person investigated to be part of the Agreement, as well as his imputability, reasons that, depending on the concrete situation, may authorize or impede the offer of the Agreement. The ANPP does not retroact in ongoing criminal actions, that is, it can only be offered for situations in which there was no receivement of the denunciation. The settlement is possible in cases of original criminal actions. Also, the instrument cannot be offered by a particular (therefore, the ANPP is unacceptable in criminal action of private initiative). As for objects, there are several conditions that can be negotiated at the ANPP, since the 5th item determines - rightly so – that the agrément can be offered as necessary and sufficient for crime prevention and disapproval. The effects of the Agreement are: if fulfilled - punishment is extinguished - if not complied with - the denunciation can be offered. If the ANPP is not offered, the investigated may request the refer of the case file to a upper department of the prosecution (if the judge understand that ANPP is appropriate, so he will refer directly); if the ANPP is offered and the judge does not approve, RESE may be interposed; if the judge disagrees with the conditions, will be applicable RESE or §8 of art. 28-A of the CPP.
Ab initio, the Non-Persecution Agreement appears in the panorama of Criminal Justice Negotiated in 2017 on the occasion of the edition of Resolution Nº 181 of the National Council of the Public Ministry, however, it was incorporated to the Code of Criminal Procedure (CPP) by the arrival of the Law 13.964/19. It would be more specific for the instrument to have another nomen juris, such as a non-continuation of criminal prosecution agreement, since criminal prosecution will exist independently of the ANPP. The Resolution of the CNMP and CPP, being complementary (some rules of the Resolution were derogated when the Anti-crime Package was promulgated, which changed the CPP and added the Agreement to it, without some elements that the Resolution had. Consequently, the resolution is complementary and subsidiary to the provisions of the CPP). With regard to the legal nature, the Agreement is an extra-procedural juridical business, stipulated according to a discretion regulated by the Prosecutor, with its clauses being mandatory in nature since it is a juridical business. About suitability: it can be offered when it is not the case for the archiving of the preliminary investigative procedure (such as the Police Inquiry); a criminal transaction is not applicable. The investigated: must confess formally and in detail; must not be a recidivist and have not benefited from a transaction, procedural surplus or ANPP in the five years prior to the new offer; he must not have criminal frequency. The criminal offense committed cannot be: with violence or serious threat or in a situation of domestic or family violence; crime of economic-financial delinquency (in reason of the consequence of the collective damage that causes such types of crimes) - except for tax crimes, which have inadequate protection by the Law; heinous crimes; crime committed against the deficient, children, adolescents and the old-ages (in reason of their vulnerability); crime of criminal organization or association or committed by them. The instrument is unrealizable: in the case of infractional acts (there is no crime or penalty, but an infractional act and a socio-educational measure). About to the parties to the Agreement: it is necessary to observe the rules on the capacity of the person investigated to be part of the Agreement, as well as his imputability, reasons that, depending on the concrete situation, may authorize or impede the offer of the Agreement. The ANPP does not retroact in ongoing criminal actions, that is, it can only be offered for situations in which there was no receivement of the denunciation. The settlement is possible in cases of original criminal actions. Also, the instrument cannot be offered by a particular (therefore, the ANPP is unacceptable in criminal action of private initiative). As for objects, there are several conditions that can be negotiated at the ANPP, since the 5th item determines - rightly so – that the agrément can be offered as necessary and sufficient for crime prevention and disapproval. The effects of the Agreement are: if fulfilled - punishment is extinguished - if not complied with - the denunciation can be offered. If the ANPP is not offered, the investigated may request the refer of the case file to a upper department of the prosecution (if the judge understand that ANPP is appropriate, so he will refer directly); if the ANPP is offered and the judge does not approve, RESE may be interposed; if the judge disagrees with the conditions, will be applicable RESE or §8 of art. 28-A of the CPP.
Descrição
Trabalho indicado pela banca examinadora ao Prêmio TCC
Palavras-chave
justiça penal negociada , acordos criminais , acordo de não persecução penal , transação penal , negotiated criminal justice , criminal agreements , non-persecution agreement , criminal transaction