A responsabilidade civil por ato/fato de terceiro: dos pais com relação aos filhos menores
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2018-11-30
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Berto, Carolina Moran
Orientador
Bdine Junior, Hamid Charaf
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Resumo
Apresenta o estudo do instituto da Responsabilidade Civil, com análise do seu conceito no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, um breve estudo histórico do instituto alinhado à evolução da própria sociedade, suas espécies e seus pressupostos. Adiante, explica, de modo sucinto, as causas excludentes da Responsabilidade Civil, separadas em excludentes de ilicitude (legítima defesa, estado de necessidade e exercício regular de direito) e excludentes de nexo de causalidade (culpa ou fato exclusivo da vítima, culpa ou fato exclusivo de terceiro, caso fortuito ou força maior). Posteriormente, adentra ao tema macro desse trabalho e analisa os conceitos e espécies da Responsabilidade Civil por ato de terceiros. Concluída a explicação de cada espécie, passa a analisar a Responsabilidade Civil dos pais com relação aos filhos menores, tema principal desse trabalho. Para tanto, é necessário entender a relação jurídica estabelecida pelo nosso ordenamento jurídico que liga os filhos a seus pais e o poder familiar atribuído pelo Estado aos pais. Por fim, examina o ato infracional cometido pelo filho menor, sob a ótica do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, as hipóteses de exclusão da responsabilidade dos pais e a vedação do direito de regresso nessa espécie de responsabilidade civil por ato de terceiro. Conclui-se, assim, que o Estado atribuiu aos pais um múnus publico com relação à proteção e bem-estar dos filhos menores. No entanto, diante dos deveres e atividades da sociedade moderna que são exercidos pelos pais para sustento da própria família, não há a possibilidade desses pais exercerem o dever de vigilância integralmente. Assim sendo, há divergências na doutrina se nesses casos a responsabilidade civil deve ser transferida para a instituição ou terceiro que esteja responsável pelo menor.
It presents a study on the institute of Civil Liability, analyzing its concept in Brazilian’s system of laws, as well as its historical evolution, its types and its assumptions. It briefly explains the grounds for exclusion of liability, separated into exclusion of criminal responsibility (legitimate self-defense, flagrant necessity and proper exercise of the right) and exclusion based on the causal link (fault or exclusive fact of the victim, fault or exclusive fact of third, fortuitous event or force majeure). Subsequently, it gets into the macro theme of this work and analyzes the concepts and types of civil liability for third parties’ acts. Once concluded the explanation on each type, it begins to analyze the parents’ civil liability regarding their minor children, the main focus of this work. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the legal relation established by our legal system that links the children to their parents and the family power granted by the State to these parents. Finally, it examines the offence committed by the minor child, from the point of view of Brazil’s Statute of the Child and the Adolescent (ECA), the hypotheses for excluding the parents’ liability and the prohibition of the right of recourse when it comes to this type of liability for third parties’ act. It is thus concluded that the State had attributed a “public munus” to the parents regarding the protection and wellbeing of their minor children. However, considering the duties and activities of modern society, which are exercised by the parents to support their own family, there is no possibility for them to exercise the duty of vigilance in its entirety. Therefore, in such cases, there are doctrinal differences when it comes to establish if civil liability should be transferred to the institution or to a third party that is responsible for the minor.
It presents a study on the institute of Civil Liability, analyzing its concept in Brazilian’s system of laws, as well as its historical evolution, its types and its assumptions. It briefly explains the grounds for exclusion of liability, separated into exclusion of criminal responsibility (legitimate self-defense, flagrant necessity and proper exercise of the right) and exclusion based on the causal link (fault or exclusive fact of the victim, fault or exclusive fact of third, fortuitous event or force majeure). Subsequently, it gets into the macro theme of this work and analyzes the concepts and types of civil liability for third parties’ acts. Once concluded the explanation on each type, it begins to analyze the parents’ civil liability regarding their minor children, the main focus of this work. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the legal relation established by our legal system that links the children to their parents and the family power granted by the State to these parents. Finally, it examines the offence committed by the minor child, from the point of view of Brazil’s Statute of the Child and the Adolescent (ECA), the hypotheses for excluding the parents’ liability and the prohibition of the right of recourse when it comes to this type of liability for third parties’ act. It is thus concluded that the State had attributed a “public munus” to the parents regarding the protection and wellbeing of their minor children. However, considering the duties and activities of modern society, which are exercised by the parents to support their own family, there is no possibility for them to exercise the duty of vigilance in its entirety. Therefore, in such cases, there are doctrinal differences when it comes to establish if civil liability should be transferred to the institution or to a third party that is responsible for the minor.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
responsabilidade civil , ato de terceiros , pais , menores , civil Liability , third party act , parents , minors