Ativismo judicial e fake news: análise sobre a liberdade de expressão, censura judicial e suas possíveis consequências
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2023-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Magalhães, Larissa Carneiro Reis
Orientador
Lorencini, Bruno César
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ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
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Resumo
A princípio este presente trabalho irá discutir em seu decorrer sobre a complexidade do fenômeno das Fakes News no mundo pós-moderno, principalmente no que tange à dificuldade de sua regulação frente às liberdades individuais e à preservação da liberdade de expressão, visto o elevado nível de propensão à censura. Em decorrência disso, também será envolvido sobre a temática do ativismo judicial, protagonista nos enfrentamentos dos recentes episódios de busca pela limitação da disseminação da fake news e seus supostos efeitos danosos à preservação da democracia, também palco desta narrativa. Com isso a metodologia utilizada para a concretização deste trabalho de conclusão de curso foi o método dedutivo, que visa a elaboração de argumentos particulares a partir de argumentos gerais, utilizando-se para isso meios diversos, como consulta a livros e legislações, pesquisa na internet, pesquisas bibliográficas, de dados e em direito comparado, além do método indutivo com a realização de pesquisa jurisprudencial de casos concretos onde foram adotadas diferentes posições de direito e de fato a fim de exemplificar os conceitos formados a partir do preceito supracitado. Além do mais, o presente trabalho foi dividido em seis etapas, onde cada uma delas terá sobre si o desenvolvimento de temas que darão forma à narrativa. Sendo a primeira delas um referencial histórico e basilar da formação dos direitos à liberdade e sua importância para construção da atual conjuntura social, tendo por base a concretização da democracia e seus avanços frente à modernidade e a tecnologia. Em seguida, o tema começará a tomar forma com a apresentação dos impactos da fake news na democracia, assim como o desenvolvimento sobre sua complexa conceituação, visto sua propensão à ambivalência e imprecisão. A terceira etapa será protagonizada pela temática do ativismo judicial, sendo debatido sua atividade frente ao princípio da separação de poderes, também sobre sua eficácia para a concretização de direitos e seus riscos à segurança jurídica e a propensão à subjetividade do julgador dentro de uma ótica do judiciário como ente político. A diante, na próxima etapa, os temas começarão a se relacionarem, ao se iniciar um debate sobre a censura judicial, a fake news e a liberdade de expressão, de forma a ser exposto o histórico de ocorrências de censura na história brasileira, assim como o fato de a regulação da fake news ser uma possível atualização do modo de censurar. Por fim, será apresentado e analisado casos práticos a partir da jurisprudência brasileira sobre o tema, principalmente quanto aos recentes posicionamentos do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. Concomitantemente e já finalizando o presente trabalho, a última etapa é protagonizada pelos questionamentos e esclarecimentos sobre as dificuldades e consequências que a temática e sua regulação trazem para o direito e para o atual e futuro cenário político-social brasileiro.
At first, this present work will discuss in its course the complexity of the Fakes News phenomenon in the postmodern world, mainly regarding the difficulty of its regulation in the face of individual freedoms and the preservation of freedom of expression, given the high level of propensity for censorship. As a result, it will also be involved on the subject of judicial activism, protagonist in the confrontations of the recent episodes of search for limiting the spread of fake news and its supposed harmful effects on the preservation of democracy, also the stage of this narrative. With that, the methodology used to carry out this course conclusion work was the deductive method, which aims to elaborate particular arguments from general arguments, using different means, such as consulting books and legislation, internet research , bibliographical, data and comparative law research, in addition to the inductive method with the carrying out of jurisprudential research of concrete cases where different positions of law and fact were adopted in order to exemplify the concepts formed from the aforementioned precept. Furthermore, the present work was divided into six stages, where each one of them will have the development of themes that will shape the narrative. The first being a historical and basic reference for the formation of the rights to freedom and its importance for the construction of the current social situation, based on the achievement of democracy and its advances in the face of modernity and technology. Then, the theme will begin to take shape with the presentation of the impacts of fake news on democracy, as well as the development of its complex conceptualization, given its propensity for ambivalence and imprecision. The third stage will be centered on the theme of judicial activism, its activity being discussed in view of the principle of separation of powers, also on its effectiveness for the realization of rights and its risks to legal certainty and the propensity for subjectivity of the judge within a perspective of the judiciary as a political entity. Later, in the next stage, the themes will begin to relate, when a debate on judicial censorship, fake news and freedom of expression begins, in order to expose the history of occurrences of censorship in Brazilian history, as well as the fact that the regulation of fake news is a possible update of the way of censoring. Finally, practical cases will be presented and analyzed from the Brazilian jurisprudence on the subject, mainly regarding the recent positions of the Federal Supreme Court and the Superior Electoral Court. At the same time, and now concluding the present work, the last stage is characterized by questions and clarifications about the difficulties and consequences that the theme and its regulation bring to the law and to the current and future Brazilian political and social scenario.
At first, this present work will discuss in its course the complexity of the Fakes News phenomenon in the postmodern world, mainly regarding the difficulty of its regulation in the face of individual freedoms and the preservation of freedom of expression, given the high level of propensity for censorship. As a result, it will also be involved on the subject of judicial activism, protagonist in the confrontations of the recent episodes of search for limiting the spread of fake news and its supposed harmful effects on the preservation of democracy, also the stage of this narrative. With that, the methodology used to carry out this course conclusion work was the deductive method, which aims to elaborate particular arguments from general arguments, using different means, such as consulting books and legislation, internet research , bibliographical, data and comparative law research, in addition to the inductive method with the carrying out of jurisprudential research of concrete cases where different positions of law and fact were adopted in order to exemplify the concepts formed from the aforementioned precept. Furthermore, the present work was divided into six stages, where each one of them will have the development of themes that will shape the narrative. The first being a historical and basic reference for the formation of the rights to freedom and its importance for the construction of the current social situation, based on the achievement of democracy and its advances in the face of modernity and technology. Then, the theme will begin to take shape with the presentation of the impacts of fake news on democracy, as well as the development of its complex conceptualization, given its propensity for ambivalence and imprecision. The third stage will be centered on the theme of judicial activism, its activity being discussed in view of the principle of separation of powers, also on its effectiveness for the realization of rights and its risks to legal certainty and the propensity for subjectivity of the judge within a perspective of the judiciary as a political entity. Later, in the next stage, the themes will begin to relate, when a debate on judicial censorship, fake news and freedom of expression begins, in order to expose the history of occurrences of censorship in Brazilian history, as well as the fact that the regulation of fake news is a possible update of the way of censoring. Finally, practical cases will be presented and analyzed from the Brazilian jurisprudence on the subject, mainly regarding the recent positions of the Federal Supreme Court and the Superior Electoral Court. At the same time, and now concluding the present work, the last stage is characterized by questions and clarifications about the difficulties and consequences that the theme and its regulation bring to the law and to the current and future Brazilian political and social scenario.
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Palavras-chave
liberdade , democracia , fake news , ativismo , freedom , democracy , activism , censorship