Enfrentamento ao encarceramento feminino de mães e gestantes à luz do habeas corpus coletivo nº 143.641/SP
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2022-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Silveira, Marília Rita Rutkowski
Orientador
Silva, Ivan Luis Marques da
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Resumo
O presente trabalho de conclusão de curso tem como objetivo analisar as problemáticas acerca do encarceramento feminino no Brasil e, especialmente, a situação das mulheres gestantes e mães no sistema prisional. A legislação pátria prevê inúmeros direitos específicos às presas grávidas e mães com filhos de até doze anos, como, por exemplo, o direito de ter, no mínimo, seis meses de amamentação. No entanto, na prática, a realidade é muito diferente, sendo possível observar inúmeras violações a esses direitos, em decorrência da ausência de estrutura física adequada nas unidades prisionais, da falta de políticas públicas para combater o aumento dos índices de criminalidade de mulheres em todo o país, bem como pela falta de efetivação da legislação e dos tratados internacionais na prática.
Além disso, também é possível verificar inúmeras violações de direitos fundamentais, tais como o da dignidade da pessoa humana, no interior dos estabelecimentos prisionais femininos, tendo em vista que as mulheres gestantes e mães acabam sofrendo uma dupla punição durante o cumprimento de pena: uma pela prática do delito e outra por sua condição no sexo biológico feminino, não tendo acesso, muitas vezes, a itens básicos de higiene, tampouco à realização de exames e acompanhamento adequado no pré e pós-parto. Ressalta-se ainda que, na esmagadora maioria dos casos, os filhos dessas mulheres também acabam sofrendo desde o momento de seu nascimento.
E foi justamente para combater essas inúmeras violações que o Coletivo de Advogados em Direitos Humanos (CADHU) impetrou o Habeas Corpus nº 143.641/SP, julgado pela Segunda Turma do Supremo Tribunal Federal, que teve como paciente todas as mulheres grávidas, puérperas, mães com filhos de até doze anos sob sua responsabilidade, e que estavam submetidas a prisão cautelar, a fim de possibilitar a substituição da prisão preventiva pela domiciliar. No entanto, mesmo após o julgamento favorável do referido habeas corpus e com a evolução das decisões e da legislação, a dificuldade de efetivação dos direitos fundamentais das mulheres presas permeia até os dias atuais, tornando as unidades prisionais femininas em verdadeiras mazelas de descaso, abandono e negligência.
This course conclusion work aims to analyze the issues surrounding female incarceration in Brazil and, especially, the situation of pregnant women and mothers in the prison system. The national legislation provides numerous specific rights to pregnant prisoners and mothers with children up to twelve years old, such as, for example, the right to have at least six months of breastfeeding. However, in practice, the reality is very different, and it is possible to observe numerous violations of these rights, due to the lack of adequate physical structure in prisons, the lack of public policies to combat the increase in crime rates of women throughout the world, as well as the lack of implementation of legislation and international treaties in practice. In addition, we can also verify in female prisons numerous violations of fundamental rights, such as the dignity of the human person, given that pregnant women and mothers end up suffering a double punishment during conviction: one for the commission of the crime and the other. because of their condition in the biological female sex, often not having access to basic hygiene items, nor to performing exams and adequate monitoring in the pre and postpartum period. It is also noteworthy that, in the overwhelming majority of cases, the children of these women also end up suffering from the moment of their birth. And it was precisely to combat these numerous violations that the Coletivo de Advogados em Direitos Humanos (CADHU) filed Habeas Corpus 143.641/SP, judged by the Second Panel of the Federal Supreme Court, which had as a patient all pregnant and postpartum women and mothers with children of up to twelve years under their responsibility, who were subject to precautionary detention, in order to make it possible to replace preventive detention with house arrest. However, even after the favorable judgment of the aforementioned habeas corpus and with the evolution of decisions and legislation, the difficulty of enforcing the fundamental rights of women prisoners permeates to the present day, making female prison units into real ills of neglect, abandonment. and negligence.
This course conclusion work aims to analyze the issues surrounding female incarceration in Brazil and, especially, the situation of pregnant women and mothers in the prison system. The national legislation provides numerous specific rights to pregnant prisoners and mothers with children up to twelve years old, such as, for example, the right to have at least six months of breastfeeding. However, in practice, the reality is very different, and it is possible to observe numerous violations of these rights, due to the lack of adequate physical structure in prisons, the lack of public policies to combat the increase in crime rates of women throughout the world, as well as the lack of implementation of legislation and international treaties in practice. In addition, we can also verify in female prisons numerous violations of fundamental rights, such as the dignity of the human person, given that pregnant women and mothers end up suffering a double punishment during conviction: one for the commission of the crime and the other. because of their condition in the biological female sex, often not having access to basic hygiene items, nor to performing exams and adequate monitoring in the pre and postpartum period. It is also noteworthy that, in the overwhelming majority of cases, the children of these women also end up suffering from the moment of their birth. And it was precisely to combat these numerous violations that the Coletivo de Advogados em Direitos Humanos (CADHU) filed Habeas Corpus 143.641/SP, judged by the Second Panel of the Federal Supreme Court, which had as a patient all pregnant and postpartum women and mothers with children of up to twelve years under their responsibility, who were subject to precautionary detention, in order to make it possible to replace preventive detention with house arrest. However, even after the favorable judgment of the aforementioned habeas corpus and with the evolution of decisions and legislation, the difficulty of enforcing the fundamental rights of women prisoners permeates to the present day, making female prison units into real ills of neglect, abandonment. and negligence.
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Palavras-chave
mulheres presas , gestação , sistema carcerário feminino , violação de direitos , women imprisoned , gestation , female prison system , infringement of rights