Perfil epidemiológico, histopatológico e molecular do câncer de mama no hospital universitário Evangélico Mackenzie
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2023-11-27
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Viviani, Bruno Lavorato
Silva, Gabriel Faccin
Silva, Gabriel Faccin
Orientador
Mehanna, Samya Hamad
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INTRODUÇÃO: O Câncer de Mama é, no Brasil e mundialmente, a principal causa de morte dentro das causas neoplásicas em mulheres, sendo uma doença prevalente. Este origina-se da malignização do tecido epitelial dos lóbulos e ductos glandulares mamários, podendo variar em extensão, grau de invasão entre outros fatores como padrão histológico e molecular. A correta compreensão do perfil e comportamento do câncer de mama permite adequar o tratamento, avaliar o prognóstico e garantir melhor qualidade de vida para a paciente. Além disso, auxilia na elaboração de eficiente estratégias de prevenção e diagnóstico precoce na população. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o perfil epidemiológico, histopatológico e molecular (análise imunoistoquímica) de pacientes do sexo feminino com diagnóstico de Câncer de Mama. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi estudo transversal analítico com coleta de dados históricos, em que realizou-se a análise dos resultados anatomopatológicos e de imunohistoquímica das pacientes com carcinoma mamário atendidas no período de novembro de 2019 a novembro de 2020 no Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie (HUEM), posterior avaliação estatística com aplicação do teste Qui-Quadrado, e discussão das informações obtidas baseado na literatura publicada referente ao tema. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos na amostra 80 pacientes do sexo feminino com idade entre 28 a 89 anos, sendo a média de 57 anos e a raça predominantemente acometida branca. Em relação ao tipo histológico, o Carcinoma Mamário Não Especial (Ductal) representou quase 90% da amostra, e das 70 pacientes que tinham perfil molecular disponível, o tipo imunoistoquímico mais encontrado foi o Luminal B em aproximadamente 40% dos casos, sendo que Triplos Negativos vistos em quase 25% das mulheres. O estadiamento tumoral nível T1 foi expressivo, ainda 13,75% eram casos in situ, e não foram encontradas metástases linfonodais em 43 pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: De uma forma geral, os dados epidemiológicos, histopatológicos e moleculares acompanharam as proporções observadas na literatura. No entanto, detectou-se certo aumento de diagnósticos de cânceres de mama Triplo Negativos na população estudada, sobretudo em pacientes jovens e com estadiamento avançado. Por fim, vale destacar a importância da atenção da comunidade médica em relação ao rastreio, prevenção e tratamento personalizado para o câncer de mama.
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is, in Brazil and worldwide, the main cause of death within the neoplastic causes in women, making it a prevalent disease. It originates from the malignancy of the epithelial tissue of the mammary ducts and lobules, and may vary in extent and degree of tissue invasion among other factors such as histological and molecular patterns. The correct comprehension of the portrait and behavior of breast cancer allows to adequate the treatment, assess the prognosis and secure an increase in quality of life for the patients. Furthermore, it helps in the development of efficient prevention and early diagnosis strategies in the population. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the research was to analyze the epidemiological, histopathological and molecular (immunochemistry) patterns of female patients with breast cancer diagnosis. METHODS: The research consisted in an analytical, cross-sectional study with data gathering from medical records, in which the anatomopathological and immunohistochemistry results from biopsies were studied, from patients with breast cancer who were treated in the Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie with application of the Pearson's chi-squared test, in the period from november of 2019 to november of 2020, subsequent statistical evaluation using the Chi-Square test, and discussion of the information obtained based on published literature on the topic. RESULTS: The sample included 80 female patients aged between 28 and 89 years, with an average of 57 years and the predominantly white race. Regarding the histological type, Non-Special Breast Carcinoma (Ductal) represented almost 90% of the sample, and of the 70 patients who had a molecular profile available, the immunohistochemical type most found was Luminal B in approximately 40% of cases, with Triples Negatives seen in almost 25% of women. Tumor staging level T1 was significant, still 13.75% were in situ cases, and no lymph node metastases were found in 43 patients. CONCLUSION: In general, epidemiological, histopathological and molecular data followed the proportions observed in the literature. However, a certain increase in diagnoses of Triple Negative breast cancer was detected in the studied population, especially in young and advanced stage patients. Finally, it is worth highlighting the importance of the medical community's attention to screening, prevention and personalized treatment for breast cancer.
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is, in Brazil and worldwide, the main cause of death within the neoplastic causes in women, making it a prevalent disease. It originates from the malignancy of the epithelial tissue of the mammary ducts and lobules, and may vary in extent and degree of tissue invasion among other factors such as histological and molecular patterns. The correct comprehension of the portrait and behavior of breast cancer allows to adequate the treatment, assess the prognosis and secure an increase in quality of life for the patients. Furthermore, it helps in the development of efficient prevention and early diagnosis strategies in the population. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the research was to analyze the epidemiological, histopathological and molecular (immunochemistry) patterns of female patients with breast cancer diagnosis. METHODS: The research consisted in an analytical, cross-sectional study with data gathering from medical records, in which the anatomopathological and immunohistochemistry results from biopsies were studied, from patients with breast cancer who were treated in the Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie with application of the Pearson's chi-squared test, in the period from november of 2019 to november of 2020, subsequent statistical evaluation using the Chi-Square test, and discussion of the information obtained based on published literature on the topic. RESULTS: The sample included 80 female patients aged between 28 and 89 years, with an average of 57 years and the predominantly white race. Regarding the histological type, Non-Special Breast Carcinoma (Ductal) represented almost 90% of the sample, and of the 70 patients who had a molecular profile available, the immunohistochemical type most found was Luminal B in approximately 40% of cases, with Triples Negatives seen in almost 25% of women. Tumor staging level T1 was significant, still 13.75% were in situ cases, and no lymph node metastases were found in 43 patients. CONCLUSION: In general, epidemiological, histopathological and molecular data followed the proportions observed in the literature. However, a certain increase in diagnoses of Triple Negative breast cancer was detected in the studied population, especially in young and advanced stage patients. Finally, it is worth highlighting the importance of the medical community's attention to screening, prevention and personalized treatment for breast cancer.
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Palavras-chave
câncer de mama , carcinoma mamário , imuno-histoquímica , breast cancer , mammary carcinoma , immunohistochemistry