Da partilha em vida frente à sucessão do cônjuge e do companheiro: um guia de auxílio aos tabeliães de notas acerca das questões correlatas sobre o tema
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2021-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Vaineras, Igor
Orientador
Carvalho, André Norberto Carbone de
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Resumo
A morte, evento certo e definitivo da vida de qualquer pessoa, é cercada de incertezas tais como a sua data e as suas circunstâncias. Além das dúvidas relativas ao próprio evento morte, também é motivo de inquietude a sucessão patrimonial, aqui entendida como a transmissão causa mortis dos direitos, deveres e obrigações de uma pessoa a outra(s). Não à toa, em tempos pandêmicos em que a morte se torna cada vez mais próxima e comentada, o planejamento sucessório tem ganhado importância, para mitigar, se não eliminar por inteiro, qualquer dúvida ou incerteza decorrente dos efeitos patrimoniais da morte, sendo que, dentre os instrumentos à disposição dos indivíduos para fins de planejamento sucessório, está a partilha em vida. Trata-se de instituto que, consoante a doutrina tradicional, pode ser feito mediante testamento (partilha-testamento) ou mediante escritura pública (partilha-doação), tendo como vantagens a repartição dos quinhões estando ainda vivo o titular do patrimônio, razão pela qual faz-se necessário que todos os herdeiros necessários concordem com a prévia disposição patrimonial, dentre os quais, o cônjuge e o companheiro. O presente trabalho busca elucidar que, a despeito de divergências jurisprudenciais a respeito da matéria, afigura-se imprescindível que qualquer cônjuge ou companheiro aponha sua anuência ao ato jurídico, seja para figurar como herdeiro, seja para figurar como mero meeiro. Diante de tal conclusão, foi traçada uma cartilha pela qual o tabelião de notas, profissional do direito a quem o ordenamento jurídico conferiu o múnus público de assegurar plena eficácia e fé pública aos atos jurídicos por ele realizados, poderá assegurar a maior segurança jurídica à partilha em vida de seus clientes, observadas as polêmicas acerca do cônjuge e do companheiro como herdeiro necessário. Veja-se: (1) primeiro, ele deve verificar o estado civil do partilhante, mediante as provas de estado civil permitidas no ordenamento jurídico; (2) depois, ele deve verificar o regime de bens contraído durante a união, o que só afastará a necessidade de anuência do cônjuge/companheiro no caso de separação legal de bens sem que haja aquesto quando houver descendentes do titular, em razão do entendimento jurisprudencial dominante; e 3) ele precisa orientar as partes sobre os seus respectivos direitos e mesmo sobre eventual cláusula acessória que o partilhante queira inserir ao ato jurídico, informando da melhor forma a respeito de eventual direito real de habitação ou cláusula de incomunicabilidade, impenhorabilidade ou inalienabilidade. Tudo isso para atualizar o regime sucessório à luz das novas modalidades familiares vigentes, da constitucionalização do Direito Civil e das complexidades que envolvem cada caso concreto, de modo, também, a garantir a maior liberdade possível às partes no tocante à destinação de seu próprio patrimônio.
Death, the definitive and definitive event of any person's life, is surrounded by uncertainties such as its date and circumstances. In addition to the doubts related to the death event itself, patrimonial succession is also a cause for concern, here understood as the transmission by death of the rights, duties and obligations of one person to another(s). It is not by chance, in pandemic times when death becomes ever closer and commented on, that succession planning has gained importance, to mitigate, if not completely eliminate, any doubt or uncertainty arising from the patrimonial effects of death, being that, among the instruments available to individuals for the purposes of succession planning, there is sharing in life. It is an institute that, according to traditional doctrine, can be done through a will (share-will) or through public deed (share-donation), with the advantages of sharing the stakes while the holder of the property is still alive, which is why it is necessary that all the necessary heirs agree with the previous patrimonial disposition, among which, the spouse and the companion. The present work seeks to elucidate that, in spite of the jurisprudential divergences in the matter, it seems essential that any spouse or partner agrees to the legal act, either to appear as an heir or to appear as a mere sharecropper. In the face of such a conclusion, a booklet was drawn up by which the notary public, a legal professional to whom the legal system conferred the public office to ensure full effectiveness and public faith to the legal acts performed by him, will be able to ensure the greatest legal certainty for sharing in the life of their clients, observing the controversies about the spouse and the partner as a necessary heir. See: (1) first, he must check the marital status of the sharer, by means of the proof of marital status permitted in the legal system; (2) then, he must check the property regime contracted during the union, which will only rule out the need for consent of the spouse / partner in the case of legal separation of assets without there being an marital asset when there are descendants of the holder, due to the prevailing jurisprudential understanding; and, finally, 3) he needs to guide the parties about their respective rights and even about any accessory clause that the sharer wants to insert into the legal act, informing in the best way about any real right to housing or the clause of incommunicability, unenforceability or inalienability. All this to update the succession regime in the light of the new family modalities, the constitutionalization of Civil Law and the complexities that surround each specific case, in order, also, to guarantee the greatest possible freedom to the parties with regard to the allocation of their own assets.
Death, the definitive and definitive event of any person's life, is surrounded by uncertainties such as its date and circumstances. In addition to the doubts related to the death event itself, patrimonial succession is also a cause for concern, here understood as the transmission by death of the rights, duties and obligations of one person to another(s). It is not by chance, in pandemic times when death becomes ever closer and commented on, that succession planning has gained importance, to mitigate, if not completely eliminate, any doubt or uncertainty arising from the patrimonial effects of death, being that, among the instruments available to individuals for the purposes of succession planning, there is sharing in life. It is an institute that, according to traditional doctrine, can be done through a will (share-will) or through public deed (share-donation), with the advantages of sharing the stakes while the holder of the property is still alive, which is why it is necessary that all the necessary heirs agree with the previous patrimonial disposition, among which, the spouse and the companion. The present work seeks to elucidate that, in spite of the jurisprudential divergences in the matter, it seems essential that any spouse or partner agrees to the legal act, either to appear as an heir or to appear as a mere sharecropper. In the face of such a conclusion, a booklet was drawn up by which the notary public, a legal professional to whom the legal system conferred the public office to ensure full effectiveness and public faith to the legal acts performed by him, will be able to ensure the greatest legal certainty for sharing in the life of their clients, observing the controversies about the spouse and the partner as a necessary heir. See: (1) first, he must check the marital status of the sharer, by means of the proof of marital status permitted in the legal system; (2) then, he must check the property regime contracted during the union, which will only rule out the need for consent of the spouse / partner in the case of legal separation of assets without there being an marital asset when there are descendants of the holder, due to the prevailing jurisprudential understanding; and, finally, 3) he needs to guide the parties about their respective rights and even about any accessory clause that the sharer wants to insert into the legal act, informing in the best way about any real right to housing or the clause of incommunicability, unenforceability or inalienability. All this to update the succession regime in the light of the new family modalities, the constitutionalization of Civil Law and the complexities that surround each specific case, in order, also, to guarantee the greatest possible freedom to the parties with regard to the allocation of their own assets.
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Palavras-chave
direito notarial , direito das sucessões , partilha em vida , herdeiros necessários , notary law , succession law , sharing in life , necessary heirs