O sonho do morar coletivo: ideologias e projetos modelares

Abstract

This monograph studies dwellings built and inhabited by their users and the ideologies involved in their architectural concept since the XIX century are discussed. Housing which have market value compatible with the proletariat s income is also considered and how these works contributed to the establish social contact and the variety of interpretation of the extent of various solutions. Firstly we endeavor to understand, from a materialistic point of view, how ideas of cities and urbanization help to understand of the relationship between the political concepts expressed in the power of the hegemonic social class and its implanted special continents, the habitat sites, different forms of habitations and infrastructure facilities, the appropriation of space and implantation in these spaces of collective living and productive activities. The first object under scrutiny is The Familisterio de Guise a cooperative union of capital and labour an idea proposed in Charles Fourier s social utopia , followed by the great speculative period of the constructivism of modern Architecture in the USSR during the short period between 1925 and 1932, which also idealized the construction of a new man. Many of these architectonic products have been reproduced in other contexts due to the their quality and universal interest. Next, the form of expression of the city and interventions, represented by the social economicity implanted in Frankfurt and Berlin during the Weimar Republic in Germany between 1926 and 1933, supported by Austria and the housing policy in the Socialist Vienna from 1919 to 1933, finalising with the pioneer proposal Housing Unit of Adequate Size in Marselha designed by Le Corbusier, the epitome of the rebuilding of post-war France, from 1945 onwards. The second part of this work discusses the repercussion of these European ideas and their interpretations in Brazil, starting in the 1950 s, concentrating the analysis on the solutions proposed in the superquadras in Brasilia, Lucio Costa s urban proposal, and the Housing complex of Cumbica in Guarulhos, São Paulo, designed by Vilanova Artigas, Fábio Penteado and Paulo Mendes da Rocha for the housing of trade union member workers living in the São Paulo metropolitan area. Throughout this work, written in two parts, we will discuss some archetypal projects which represent the ideological contents and how they are expressed in the social life and build spaces, in search of the architectural realization of the dream of collective living.