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Navegando Teses por Assunto "actor-network theory"

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    Tese
    Clinical trial regulation: processuality and performativity
    Barbosa, Ricardo de Abreu (2022-02-10)

    Centro de Ciências Sociais e Aplicadas (CCSA)

    This thesis aims to understand, under a procedural and performative approach, how regulation is constructed and developed. I adopted a procedural, relational and sociomaterial ontological perspective, using the actor-network theory, in its seminal version, developed by Bruno Latour, Michel Callon and John Law, to describe the activity raised by human and non-human actants (objects, quasi-objects and hybrid artifacts) generators of controversies that, in networks, relationally, promote the fluid character of reality. This procedural activity also has its moments of reifications, stabilizations or provisional punctuations, in addition to generating displacements called translations that give a dynamic character to realities through the closure of controversies, which in the actor-network theory we call black box closures. The research takes place through the monitoring of a process of reconstruction of the regulatory apparatus affecting the business segment of Brazilian clinical research, arising from the productive chain of research and development in the pharmaceutical sector, taken as a whole as a meta-organizational reality. The study encompasses activities that took place during the current legislative process in the Brazilian legislative power, which seeks to establish a legal framework for clinical research, in which a new regulatory system would be erected to replace the current regulatory model. ANT, which is known for revisiting the modern and substantive concept of groups, organizations and society itself, is also adopted here for the reconstruction of the very notion of regulation, of a stabilizing and controlling bias, but which is presented in the thesis as an artifact relational and procedural socio-technical, whose dynamics is explained by its performative character. The performativity of regulation is verified bidirectionally, in the infra-relational aspect, involving the associations of actants that participate in its reassembly, in the activities of the legislative process observed during the work carried out under the Bill of the Brazilian Federal Senate (PLS 200/2015, converted into the Bill of the Chamber of Deputies, PL 7082/2017) as well as in the normative revisions that took place within the scope of the National Health Council (CNS) that instituted and maintains the CEP-CONEP system that regulates the current ethical instance of Brazilian clinical research. Performativity is also observed in the inter-relational aspect, from the interactions that the regulatory artifact maintains with other elements that integrate the relationships of other macro-actors in the network, such as research sponsors, the scientific community, research participants and patients, and their representative groups. The methodological path followed an abductive approach using the technique of cartography of controversies. As a result of the work, it is possible to understand that regulation, unlike understandings focused on the centrality of human will and a substantive ontology, when studied in procedural and performative terms, is better recognized as a relational aggregate of heterogeneous elements rhizomatically fragmented that dislocate spatiotemporally by actors-networks.
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    Tese
    Mudança e a teoria ator-rede: Humanos e não-humanos em controvérsias na implementação de um Centro de Serviços Compartilhados
    Pinto, Clovis Cerretto (2013-11-26)

    Administração

    The challenge explored in this study is to address organizational change as flow. To do so,the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) was used, which is an approach querying traditional Sociology. This theory disregards the concept of society, instead viewing it as a collectif of human and non-human actors linked together in networks and endowed with agency. Its studies usually focus on technological topics, particularly those featuring IT systems and machines as non-human actors . However, other non-human aspects are also part of these collectifs and companies, such as corporate projects viewed as quasi-objects. One of the core concepts of the ANT is the translation of interests , in addition to urging the relevance of the controversy-based view for describing social dynamics. According to the ANT, the actors themselves have their own theories about events, with no need to explain them. Based on these remarks, the general purpose of the study was: to understand how non-human and human agency occurs and the agency of their association in non-technological change processes in a company in the light of the ANT. This study opted for process ontology through a post-structuralist approach. As a research strategy, it used a longitudinal case study conducted from April 2011 to July 2012 at Enterprise X, a pseudonym for a public utility service provider in São Paulo State, Brazil, where the Implementation of a Shared Services Center (SSC) was under way. During this process, the researcher had three identities that were ethically conflicting: manager of one of the administrative departments involved in the implementation of this Center; the project implementer and a researcher working towards a doctorate. The research project was approved by the company on these bases, grounded on ethical commitments to confidentiality. Participant observation was used to construct the data, together with focus groups, one-on-one interviews, audiovisual resources and documents, aiming a multivocal outcome, with data analysis through controversies cartography, supported by dynamic network software, actant diagrams, timelines and adapted mind maps. The description of the implementation of this SSC a translation of interests for cutting back on the administrative staff took place at three levels, on a larger to a smaller scale, over seventeen years at Company X. The controversies were mapped by topic, argument and the human / non-human actants involved, as well as the stances adopted,underscoring the non-human agency serving as mediators. Some controversies were closed, becoming black boxes, meaning fragile stabilizations that could be reopened at some future time. Others remained active, with the result that the SSC was not punctualized by the end of the research period. The main contributions of the study are related to understanding change as controversies constructed by network-actors that lead to organization when resolved (even partially), and the methodology used to address change as process.The study presents recommendations for subsequent research projects and for the business segment, with reflections and suggestions for understanding change in all its complexity, in addition to the episodic approach.