Ararrinha-azul Cyanopsitta spixii (Wagler, 1832) (Psittacidae; Psittaformes): um levantamento de dados sobre sua conservação nos últimos 20 anos
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2022-06
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Zanin, Pedro Henrique Palmeira
Orientador
Louro, Mônica Ponz
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Resumo
A Ararinha-azul é uma espécie de ave Psittaciformes endêmica do Brasil e infelizmente é considerada extinta na natureza desde 2001. Essa situação se deve em parte ao fato de o tráfico internacional de animais silvestres ser uma indústria muito lucrativa e de seu habitat natural ter sido degradado ao longo dos anos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de dados evidenciando a situação crítica da espécie, sua extinção na natureza e os diversos esforços para seu retorno. Foram utilizados 18 artigos, matérias publicadas em periódicos, livros e materiais publicados em sites oficiais do governo. A espécie não foi estudada a fundo na natureza antes de sua extinção e o que se sabe sobre seu comportamento foi observado em cativeiro. Existem alguns projetos que trabalham em prol da conservação e reintrodução desta espécie na natureza. Estes dois processos são ainda possíveis pela existência de 170 exemplares, aproximadamente, vivos em cativeiro, estando a maioria na Alemanha. Um dos centros que estavam mais envolvidos na conservação da Ararinha-azul se encontra no Catar, ele possuía aproximadamente 25 pares reprodutores de ararinhas. Na década de 2010 se iniciou no Brasil um plano para a reintrodução da espécie em seu habitat natural, na Bahia, com auxílio de um empresário alemão que possui a maior coleção de indivíduos da espécie. O empresário ainda é responsável por financiar a maioria do valor dos projetos. Isso, além de outros fatores faz com que exista uma certa insegurança com relação ao real motivo para a realização do projeto. Foram realizados estudos genéticos de indivíduos em cativeiro em uma unidade de conservação no Catar, e havia previsões para a soltura de indivíduos provenientes dos centros construídos na Bahia em seu habitat natural em 2021, mas nada sobre isso foi divulgado para o público. A situação pela qual a Cyanopsitta spixii passou e vem passando é um exemplo da ganância e falta de consideração com vida selvagem por parte do ser humano e falta de fiscalização do governo. Este caso deve ser utilizado como exemplo sobre o que fazer e o que não fazer para evitar que o que aconteceu com a ararinha-azul venha a acontecer com outras espécies, sejam elas parte de nossa fauna ou de nossa flora.
The Spix's Macaw is a species of Psittaciformes bird endemic to Brazil and has unfortunately been considered extinct in the wild since 2001. This situation is partly due to the fact that the international trafficking of wild animals is a very profitable industry, and their natural habitat has been degraded over the years. This work aimed to carry out a survey of data showing the critical situation of the species, its extinction in nature and the various efforts for its return. Eighteen articles, articles published in periodicals, books and materials published on official government websites were used. The species was not studied in depth in the wild before its extinction and what is known about its behavior has been observed in captivity. There are some projects that work towards the conservation and reintroduction of this species in nature. These two processes are still possible due to the existence of approximately 170 specimens alive in captivity, most of them in Germany. One of the centers that were most involved in the conservation of the Spix's Macaw is in Qatar, it had approximately 25 breeding pairs of Macaws. In the 2010s, a plan was initiated in Brazil for the reintroduction of the species into its natural habitat, in Bahia, with the help of a German businessman who has the largest collection of individuals of the species. The entrepreneur is still responsible for financing most of the value of the projects. This, in addition to other factors, lead to a certain insecurity regarding the real reason for carrying out the project. Genetic studies of individuals in captivity were carried out in a conservation unit in Qatar, and there were predictions for the release of individuals from the centers built in Bahia into their natural habitat in 2021, but nothing about this has been released to the public. The situation that Cyanopsitta spixii went through and is going through is an example of human greed and lack of consideration for wildlife and lack of government oversight. This case should be used as an example of what to do and what not to do to prevent what happened to the Spix's Macaw from happening to other species, whether they are part of our fauna or our flora.
The Spix's Macaw is a species of Psittaciformes bird endemic to Brazil and has unfortunately been considered extinct in the wild since 2001. This situation is partly due to the fact that the international trafficking of wild animals is a very profitable industry, and their natural habitat has been degraded over the years. This work aimed to carry out a survey of data showing the critical situation of the species, its extinction in nature and the various efforts for its return. Eighteen articles, articles published in periodicals, books and materials published on official government websites were used. The species was not studied in depth in the wild before its extinction and what is known about its behavior has been observed in captivity. There are some projects that work towards the conservation and reintroduction of this species in nature. These two processes are still possible due to the existence of approximately 170 specimens alive in captivity, most of them in Germany. One of the centers that were most involved in the conservation of the Spix's Macaw is in Qatar, it had approximately 25 breeding pairs of Macaws. In the 2010s, a plan was initiated in Brazil for the reintroduction of the species into its natural habitat, in Bahia, with the help of a German businessman who has the largest collection of individuals of the species. The entrepreneur is still responsible for financing most of the value of the projects. This, in addition to other factors, lead to a certain insecurity regarding the real reason for carrying out the project. Genetic studies of individuals in captivity were carried out in a conservation unit in Qatar, and there were predictions for the release of individuals from the centers built in Bahia into their natural habitat in 2021, but nothing about this has been released to the public. The situation that Cyanopsitta spixii went through and is going through is an example of human greed and lack of consideration for wildlife and lack of government oversight. This case should be used as an example of what to do and what not to do to prevent what happened to the Spix's Macaw from happening to other species, whether they are part of our fauna or our flora.
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Palavras-chave
Cyanopsitta spixii , Psittaciformes , tráfico ilegal de animais silvestres , conservação , illegal wildlife trade , conservation