Adaptive PAM-4/PAM-8 graphene-based electro-optical modulator integrated into a polymer waveguide platform for data-center communication

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dc.contributor.authorCamacho W.A.
dc.contributor.authorde Carvalho M.M.
dc.contributor.authorRamirez J.C.
dc.contributor.authorde Souza E.A.T.
dc.contributor.authorSaito L.A.M.
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-12T19:12:47Z
dc.date.available2024-03-12T19:12:47Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstract© 2022 Elsevier LtdThis paper presents a new concept of a graphene-based adaptive modulator for multilevel amplitude modulation on polymer technology platform. This component consists of an electro-optical modulator with a distributed five segments capacitive structure, based on two single-layers of graphene (SLG) and a thin layer of silicon nitride (Si3N4) in the form (SLG-Si3N4-SLG), which shows a dynamic configuration of the modulation scheme, PAM-4/PAM-8, by the applied logic voltage sequence (3Vpp) for an operating wavelength at 1550 nm. Considering an extinction ratio of 5.6 dB for PAM-4, and 6.0 dB for PAM-8, a compact device with 179.6 µm total length, and the maximum simulated cut-off frequency of 48.12 GHz with 122.9 fF of capacitance and total device resistance of 26.9 Ω, were achieved. This cut-off frequency results in a transmission rate of 96.24 Gbps at PAM-4 and 144.4 Gb/s at PAM-8. The simulated insertion loss is 12.0 dB (PAM-4) and 11.5 dB for PAM-8, and the power consumption is 0.54 pJ/bit for PAM-4 and 0.81 pJ/bit for PAM-8. Combining an innovative design with the unique electro-optical characteristics widely demonstrated by the materials used in the construction of the proposed adaptive device, allows it to be seen as a candidate to contribute to the nanotechnology integration and high-performance communication requirements.
dc.description.volume157
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108622
dc.identifier.issn0030-3992
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/34248
dc.relation.ispartofOptics and Laser Technology
dc.rightsAcesso Restrito
dc.subject.otherlanguageAdaptive modulation
dc.subject.otherlanguageElectro-absorption modulator
dc.subject.otherlanguageGraphene-based modulator
dc.subject.otherlanguageMultilevel amplitude modulation
dc.subject.otherlanguageSU-8 polymer waveguide
dc.titleAdaptive PAM-4/PAM-8 graphene-based electro-optical modulator integrated into a polymer waveguide platform for data-center communication
dc.typeArtigo
local.scopus.citations2
local.scopus.eid2-s2.0-85137179022
local.scopus.subjectCut-off frequencies
local.scopus.subjectElectroabsorption modulator(EAM)
local.scopus.subjectElectrooptical modulators
local.scopus.subjectGraphene-based modulator
local.scopus.subjectMultilevel amplitude modulation
local.scopus.subjectMultilevels
local.scopus.subjectPolymer waveguides
local.scopus.subjectSingle layer
local.scopus.subjectSU-8 polymer
local.scopus.subjectSU-8 polymer waveguide
local.scopus.updated2024-12-01
local.scopus.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85137179022&origin=inward
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