Variação na riqueza de aves no mosaico paisagístico atravessado pela Rodovia Oswaldo Cruz (SP-125)
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2024-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Perrotti, Pedro Henrique Tavares
Orientador
Dall'Occo, Paola Lupinhaes
Alves, Francisco de Assis
Alves, Francisco de Assis
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Resumo
O presente trabalho investigou padrões na distribuição da riqueza de aves em função
da distância de uma unidade de conservação da Mata Atlântica (Núcleo Santa
Virgínea/ Parque Estadual Serra do Mar), na região do Vale do Paraíba. A Mata
Atlântica é um bioma com elevada biodiversidade, pressionado pela expansão das
atividades humanas e, consequentemente, pela fragmentação florestal. No estudo foi
realizado um inventario das aves que habitam os ambientes marginais da rodovia
Oswaldo Cruz (SP-125), e uma avaliação do efeito da antropização na composição
de espécies. Para tanto, foram selecionadas nove áreas amostrais (seis delas no
interior do NSV). O método de listas de MacKinnon foi empregado para catalogar as
aves, mediante observações diretas, registros auditivos e o uso de técnicas como
playback, que permitiu a identificação de espécies raras ou difíceis de serem
visualizadas. A análise estatística de regressão linear foi gerada para relacionar as
variáveis riqueza de espécies e distância dos pontos amostrais. Além do mais,
classificamos o perfil de sensibilidade das espécies registradas, assim como o grau
de ameaça ao risco de extinção. No total, 190 espécies de aves foram registradas,
sendo que destas, três encontram-se ameaçadas de extinção, nas diferentes escalas
avaliadas. Os resultados demonstram uma tendência de aumento na riqueza de
espécies, conforme aumenta a distância da sede do NSV. Contudo, esse resultado
não foi significativo (p = 0,079). Naquilo que diz respeito à composição de espécies, a
reserva florestal e sua zona de amortecimento é a região onde ocorre as espécies
ameaçadas de extinção detectadas, além da maior concentração de espécies
sensíveis às alterações ambientais. Os resultados corroboram a importância ecológica
do NSV, e também dos remanescentes florestais amostrados fora desta unidade de
conservação, os quais suportam considerável riqueza biológica. Concluímos que o
processo de fragmentação altera a composição das comunidades avifaunísticas, na
medida em que favorece a colonização por espécies adaptadas ao ambiente de borda,
cuja sensibilidade é baixa. Portanto, é essencial manter as áreas protegidas e, sempre
que possível, promover a conexão entre fragmentos isolados.
The present study investigated patterns in bird species richness distribution as a function of distance from a conservation unit in the Atlantic Forest (Núcleo Santa Virgínia / Serra do Mar State Park), located in the Vale do Paraíba region. The Atlantic Forest is a biome with high biodiversity, under pressure due to expansion of human activities and consequent forest fragmentation. The study conducted an inventory of bird species inhabiting the marginal environments of the Oswaldo Cruz highway (SP 125) and evaluated the impact of anthropogenic factors on species composition. For this purpose, nine sampling points were selected (six within the NSV). The MacKinnon lists method was employed to catalog bird species through direct observations, auditory records, and techniques such as playback, which facilitated the identification of rare or hard-to-spot species. Linear Regression statistical analysis was performed to relate species richness and the distance of sampling points. Furthermore, the sensitivity profiles of the recorded species were described, as well as their risk of extinction. A total of 190 bird species were recorded, three of which are classified as threatened at different evaluated scales. The results show a trend of increasing species richness with increasing distance from the NSV headquarters. However, this result was not statistically significant (p = 0.079). Regarding species composition, the forest reserve and its buffer zone were found to host the threatened species detected, along with a higher concentration of species sensitive to environmental changes. The results underscore the ecological importance of the NSV and the sampled forest remnants outside the conservation unit, which support considerable biological richness. We conclude that the fragmentation process alters the composition of bird communities, favoring the colonization of species adapted to edge environments with low sensitivity. Therefore, it is essential to maintain protected areas and, whenever possible, promote connectivity between isolated fragments.
The present study investigated patterns in bird species richness distribution as a function of distance from a conservation unit in the Atlantic Forest (Núcleo Santa Virgínia / Serra do Mar State Park), located in the Vale do Paraíba region. The Atlantic Forest is a biome with high biodiversity, under pressure due to expansion of human activities and consequent forest fragmentation. The study conducted an inventory of bird species inhabiting the marginal environments of the Oswaldo Cruz highway (SP 125) and evaluated the impact of anthropogenic factors on species composition. For this purpose, nine sampling points were selected (six within the NSV). The MacKinnon lists method was employed to catalog bird species through direct observations, auditory records, and techniques such as playback, which facilitated the identification of rare or hard-to-spot species. Linear Regression statistical analysis was performed to relate species richness and the distance of sampling points. Furthermore, the sensitivity profiles of the recorded species were described, as well as their risk of extinction. A total of 190 bird species were recorded, three of which are classified as threatened at different evaluated scales. The results show a trend of increasing species richness with increasing distance from the NSV headquarters. However, this result was not statistically significant (p = 0.079). Regarding species composition, the forest reserve and its buffer zone were found to host the threatened species detected, along with a higher concentration of species sensitive to environmental changes. The results underscore the ecological importance of the NSV and the sampled forest remnants outside the conservation unit, which support considerable biological richness. We conclude that the fragmentation process alters the composition of bird communities, favoring the colonization of species adapted to edge environments with low sensitivity. Therefore, it is essential to maintain protected areas and, whenever possible, promote connectivity between isolated fragments.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Avifauna , Mata Atlântica , riqueza , conservação , rodovia , Birdlife , Atlantic Forest , wealth , conservation , highway