Acid rain in downtown São Paulo City, Brazil

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dc.contributor.authorSantos M.A.D.
dc.contributor.authorIllanes C.F.
dc.contributor.authorFornaro A.
dc.contributor.authorPedrotti J.J.
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-13T01:38:56Z
dc.date.available2024-03-13T01:38:56Z
dc.date.issued2007
dc.description.abstractDuring the period from July 2002 to June 2004, the chemical characteristics of the rainwater samples collected in downtown São Paulo were investigated. The analysis of 224 wet-only precipitation samples included pH and electrical conductivity, as well as major ions (Na+, NH4 +, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-) and carboxylic acids (acetic, formic and oxalic) using ion chromatography. The volume weighted mean, VWM, of the anions NO3 -,SO4 2- and Cl- was, respectively, 20.3, 12.1 and 10.7 μmol 1-1. Rainwater in São Paulo was acidic, with 55% of the samples exhibiting a pH below 5.6. The VWMof the free H+ was 6.27 μmol 1-1), corresponding to a pH of 5.20. Ammonia (NH3), determined as NH 4 + (VWM=32.8 μmol 1-1), was the main acidity neutralizing agent. Considering that the H+ ion is the only counter ion produced from the non-seasalt fraction of the dissociated anions, the contribution of each anion to the free acidity potential has the following profile: SO 4 2- (31.1%), NO 3 - (26.0%), CH3COO- (22.0%), Cl- (13.7%), HCOO- (5.4%) and C 2 O 4 2- (1.8%). The precipitation chemistry showed seasonal differences, with higher concentrations of ammonium and calcium during autumn and winter (dry period). The marine contribution was not significant, while the direct vehicular emission showed to be relevant in the ionic composition of precipitation. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
dc.description.firstpage85
dc.description.lastpage92
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/978-1-4020-5885-1_10
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/37596
dc.relation.ispartofAcid Rain - Deposition to Recovery
dc.rightsAcesso Restrito
dc.subject.otherlanguageacid rain
dc.subject.otherlanguageair pollution
dc.subject.otherlanguageionic composition
dc.subject.otherlanguageurban area
dc.subject.otherlanguagewet deposition
dc.titleAcid rain in downtown São Paulo City, Brazil
dc.typeCapítulo de livro
local.scopus.citations4
local.scopus.eid2-s2.0-84885724085
local.scopus.updated2024-05-01
local.scopus.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=84885724085&origin=inward
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