Square-Wave Quantification of Lead in Rainwater with Disposable Gold Electrodes without Removal of Dissolved Oxygen

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dc.contributor.authorRichter E.M.
dc.contributor.authorPedrotti J.J.
dc.contributor.authorAngnes L.
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-13T01:46:04Z
dc.date.available2024-03-13T01:46:04Z
dc.date.issued2003
dc.description.abstractOnly a few authors describe the use of gold electrodes for trace levels of lead quantification. In this work a sensitive and reliable procedure to the quantification of lead at trace levels by stripping analysis utilizing gold electrodes was developed. It was observed that the presence of chloride ions plays an essential role for lead deposition. Under this condition, the content of lead in rainwater was quantified utilizing disposable gold electrodes (CDtrodes), without removal of the dissolved oxygen. CDtrodes possess very flat surface, high crystalline homogeneity, very clean surface and present great performance for lead quantification in presence of hydrochloric acid. A special cell was designed to work with small volumes of samples (0.5 to 1.0 mL), an important condition to analyze small amounts of rain. Finally, the rapid scanning propitiated by the use of square-wave stripping voltammetry, coupled with blank subtraction eliminates the effect of the dissolved oxygen on the final result. Various experimental parameters were optimized to allow convenient monitoring of lead concentrations (in trace levels) with relatively short deposition times. Linear calibration plots were obtained for different concentration ranges (using different deposition times). A detection limit of 80 ng L-1 (or 80 ppt) of lead was estimated when a deposition period of 300 s was used. During this work, a reliable procedure for electrochemical cleanup of gold surfaces was also developed. The proposed method was tested for certified samples and employed for lead analysis in rainwater samples in São Paulo City.
dc.description.firstpage1871
dc.description.issuenumber23-24
dc.description.lastpage1877
dc.description.volume15
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/elan.200302771
dc.identifier.issn1040-0397
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/37988
dc.relation.ispartofElectroanalysis
dc.rightsAcesso Restrito
dc.subject.otherlanguageGold electrodes
dc.subject.otherlanguageLead analysis
dc.subject.otherlanguageLead in rainwater
dc.subject.otherlanguageVoltammetric-stripping
dc.titleSquare-Wave Quantification of Lead in Rainwater with Disposable Gold Electrodes without Removal of Dissolved Oxygen
dc.typeArtigo
local.scopus.citations20
local.scopus.eid2-s2.0-0345861891
local.scopus.subjectCondition
local.scopus.subjectDeposition time
local.scopus.subjectDisposables
local.scopus.subjectGold electrodes
local.scopus.subjectLead analysis
local.scopus.subjectLead in rainwater
local.scopus.subjectSquare-wave
local.scopus.subjectTrace level
local.scopus.subjectVoltammetric
local.scopus.subjectVoltammetric-stripping
local.scopus.updated2024-05-01
local.scopus.urlhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=0345861891&origin=inward
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