A global review of legal protection mechanisms for the management of surf breaks
Tipo
Artigo de revisão
Data de publicação
2023
Periódico
Ocean and Coastal Management
Citações (Scopus)
3
Autores
Orchard S.
Reiblich J.
dos Santos M.D.
Reiblich J.
dos Santos M.D.
Orientador
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
Programa
Resumo
© 2023 The AuthorsLegal protection has become essential for managing the world's surf breaks much as it has for other marine and coastal protected areas. This paper presents the first systematic review of global developments in this field. We used a keyword literature search and thematic content analysis to characterise legal protection mechanisms that are designed for surf breaks or have been specifically applied to address surf break protection needs. They are currently found in six countries, protect over 500 surf breaks, and include examples of single-location mechanisms (e.g., Malibu in USA, Punta de Lobos in Chile) and national-level protection mechanisms addressing multiple surf breaks (e.g., New Zealand and Peru). Across all examples we identified 63 discrete themes that can be drawn upon to design and communicate protection measures and present these in a typology that highlights contributing ideas. Thematic analysis identified a major distinction between process and outcome-based requirements. More comprehensive protections can be recognised by attention to a wider range of threat classes and in the detail provided for decision support, with the two ideally working together to identify the minimum assessment requirements for development proposals. Variation in levels of protection is a key topic for consideration as is the process by which locations are identified or qualified for legal protections to apply. There is also a need to evaluate the effectiveness of provisions already in place, carrying with it the need for outcomes-based monitoring which is currently rare.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Assuntos Scopus
Global development , Legal protection , Literature search , National level , New zealand , Protected areas , Protection mechanisms , Single location , Systematic Review , Thematic content analysis