Evolução das obras subterrâneas : planejamento, uso, soluções construtivas e novas tecnologias
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Tipo
Monografia
Data de publicação
2012
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Lima, Jean José de
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Resumo
O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar, por meio de ensaios bibliográficos, as contribuições das atuais tecnologias e soluções construtivas quanto às funcionalidades, métodos executivos, redução de impactos e gestão de riscos em obras subterrâneas, relacionando e verificando a evolução dos principais aspectos ligados ao planejamento, projeto, execução e ocupação destas estruturas. Desde períodos remotos, as formas de escavação e o uso das obras subterrâneas surgiram e desenvolveram-se, baseados em necessidades locais e culturais de cada povo, bem como, nas condições geológicas locais. Com o passar do tempo, novas necessidades surgiram em função do crescimento e expansão das civilizações e as obras subterrâneas também evoluíram suas características para atender às novas demandas, seja por infra-estrutura ou transposição de obstáculos naturais. O trabalho relata como a crescente urbanização e a ocupação desordenada dos espaços trouxeram à tona novas formas de planejamento e ocupação do espaço subterrâneo, de forma compartilhada e otimizada em suas funções. Quanto aos principais aspectos ligados ao projeto e execução, aborda-se como a evolução tecnológica tem exercido um papel fundamental e positivo, impactando, de forma direta ou indireta, das primeiras investigações ao pós-obra, promovendo avanços em materiais, processos, técnicas, métodos construtivos, análises e monitorações. Especialmente em áreas densamente urbanizadas, frente às conseqüências danosas e custos que podem advir de eventos extraordinários e incertos, as ferramentas de gestão de riscos, desde o projeto, passando pelos riscos geológicos à concretização do empreendimento, têm fornecido as análises necessárias ao controle sobre as causas e as ações para mitigação de seus impactos. Leis ambientais mais rígidas e auditorias ambientais têm contribuído para quebrar velhos paradigmas e promover a sustentabilidade na execução dos projetos, por meio de ações responsáveis em relação à obra e seu entorno. Em meio a essa evolução, destaca-se, ainda, a revolução promovida pelas modernas tuneladoras mecanizadas e os grandes desafios impostos à engenharia, diante dos novos projetos e necessidades ocasionadas pela crescente urbanização.
The present study aims to evaluate, by bibliographical essays, the contributions of current technologies and constructive solutions regarding functionality, executive methods, impacts reduction and management risk in underground structures, relating and checking the evolution of the main aspects linked to structural planning, project, implementation and occupancy. Since ancient times, the excavation forms and underground structures methods have emerged and developed based on local needs and culture of each people, as well as the local geological conditions. In the course of time, new needs have arisen due to the growth and expansion of civilizations and underground works have also evolved its characteristics to fulfill new demands, whether for infrastructure or transposition of natural obstacles. The study reports such as increasing urbanization and sprawl spaces brought to light new ways of underground space planning and occupation in shared and optimized functions. As to the main aspects related to the design and implementation, we discuss how improvements in technology have had a fundamental and positive role, impacting, directly or indirectly, of the first investigations to post-work, promoting advances in materials, processes, techniques, construction methods, analysis and monitoring. Especially in densely urbanized areas, in harmful consequences and costs that may be caused by extraordinary and uncertain events, the management risk tools, from project, through the geological risks to the project achievement, it has provided the necessary tests to control and mitigation of its impacts. Stricter environmental laws and environmental audits have helped to break old paradigms and promote sustainability in the projects implementation through responsible actions in the work and its surroundings. Amid these developments, there´s also the revolutions promoted by modern tunnel boring machines and the major challenges to the engineering, compared to new projects and requirements caused by increasing urbanization.
The present study aims to evaluate, by bibliographical essays, the contributions of current technologies and constructive solutions regarding functionality, executive methods, impacts reduction and management risk in underground structures, relating and checking the evolution of the main aspects linked to structural planning, project, implementation and occupancy. Since ancient times, the excavation forms and underground structures methods have emerged and developed based on local needs and culture of each people, as well as the local geological conditions. In the course of time, new needs have arisen due to the growth and expansion of civilizations and underground works have also evolved its characteristics to fulfill new demands, whether for infrastructure or transposition of natural obstacles. The study reports such as increasing urbanization and sprawl spaces brought to light new ways of underground space planning and occupation in shared and optimized functions. As to the main aspects related to the design and implementation, we discuss how improvements in technology have had a fundamental and positive role, impacting, directly or indirectly, of the first investigations to post-work, promoting advances in materials, processes, techniques, construction methods, analysis and monitoring. Especially in densely urbanized areas, in harmful consequences and costs that may be caused by extraordinary and uncertain events, the management risk tools, from project, through the geological risks to the project achievement, it has provided the necessary tests to control and mitigation of its impacts. Stricter environmental laws and environmental audits have helped to break old paradigms and promote sustainability in the projects implementation through responsible actions in the work and its surroundings. Amid these developments, there´s also the revolutions promoted by modern tunnel boring machines and the major challenges to the engineering, compared to new projects and requirements caused by increasing urbanization.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sustentabilidade , Tecnologia , Escavação , Espaço subterrâneo , Metodo construtivo , Urbanização